The principle of substance stability – the feedback principle – is applicable to all biological systems. It boils down for different temporal hierarchies to the following: during the formation (self-assembly) of the most thermodynamically stable structures at the highest hierarchical level (j), e.g., the supramolecular level, in accordance with the second law, Nature spontaneously uses predomin...

OBJECTIVES Chronic pain management typically consists of prescription medications or provider-based, behavioral, or interventional procedures that are often ineffective, may be costly, and can be associated with undesirable side effects. Because chronic pain affects the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), patient-centered complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies that acknowledg...

although gardner and his associates’ work was most influential in the field of l2 motivation, from the early 1990s onwards, their work has been criticized for several reasons. some researchers claimed that integrative and instrumental orientations were no longer able to convey the complexity of the l2 motivation construct. to examine this complexity, the present study attempted to investigate t...

OBJECTIVES Chronic pain management typically consists of prescription medications or provider-based, behavioral, or interventional procedures that are often ineffective, may be costly, and can be associated with undesirable side effects. Because chronic pain affects the whole person (body, mind, and spirit), patient-centered complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) therapies that acknowledg...

This article reviews research on the evaluative organization (compartmentalized or integrative) of contextualized selves. Evaluatively compartmentalized self-structures consist of multiple selves, each of which is either mostly positive or mostly negative. Evaluatively integrative self-structures represent each self with a mixture of positive and negative attributes. These different styles of o...

transactional analysis (ta) is a theory of personality that can be applied in virtually all fields of psychology: educational, counseling, organizational and psychotherapy. the atmosphere that supports transactional analysis is one of comfort, security and respect. a positive relationship is forged between the clinician and the client in order to provide a model for subsequent relationships tha...

Often the selfish and strong are believed to be favored by natural selection, even though cooperative interactions thrive at all levels of organization in living systems. Recent empirical data shows that networks representing the social interactions between people exhibit typically high average connectivity and associated single-to-broad-scale heterogeneity, a feature which precludes the emerge...

Transactional analysis (TA) is a theory of personality that can be applied in virtually all fields of psychology: educational, counseling, organizational and psychotherapy. The atmosphere that supports transactional analysis is one of comfort, security and respect. A positive relationship is forged between the clinician and the client in order to provide a model for subsequent relationships tha...