BACKGROUND & AIMS Metformin is currently the most widely used first-line hypoglycemic agent for diabetes mellitus. Besides glucose-lowering action, there is increasingly interest in the potential anti-inflammatory action of this drug. In the present study, we investigated the actions of metformin on experimental insulitis using STZ-induced diabetic mice. METHODS Mice with acute diabetes induc...

Development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by invasive insulitis. Although CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (nTregs) induce tolerance that inhibits insulitis and T1D, the in vivo cellular mechanisms underlying this process remain largely unclear. Using an adoptive transfer model and noninvasive imaging-guided longitudinal analyses, we found nTreg depletion did not affect systemic traffick...

The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, can prevent various forms of experimentally induced autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to confirm these findings in NOD mice that spontaneously develop an autoimmune type of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the effect of a long-term 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment on the incidence of insulitis, the histological lesion preceding diabetes, was studied. F...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease of the β-cells of the pancreas. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a commonly used animal model, with roughly an 80% incidence rate of T1D among females. In 100% of NOD mice, macrophages and T-cells invade the islets in a process called insulitis. It can be several weeks between insulitis and T1D, and some mice do not progress at all. It is thoug...

Weekly transfusions of whole blood from a nondiabetic subline of BB/W rats reduced the incidence of diabetes in susceptible BB/W rats from 39 to 0 percent and the incidence of pancreatic insulitis from 64 to 6 percent. Responsiveness of lymphocytes to concanavalin A was found to be low in rats with diabetes or insulitis. Transfusion restored concanavalin A responsiveness to levels observed in c...

Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease with a complex multifactorial etiology and a poorly understood pathogenesis. Genetic and environmental factors cause an autoimmune reaction against pancreatic β-cells, called insulitis, confirmed in pancreatic samples obtained at autopsy. The possibility to noninvasively quantify β-cell mass in vivo would provide important biol...

To know the effects of nicotinamide (NCT) treatment for 5 weeks at the early age on insulitis and development of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, this experiment was performed. Ten ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) and 15 female NOD mice at 4 weeks of age were used. Mice were assigned to ICR and NOD groups, and NOD mice were randomly divided to control and NCT-treated groups. NCT was...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of insulin-producing islet beta cells. CD8 T cells are prevalent in the islets of T1D patients and are the major effectors of beta cell destruction in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. In addition to their critical involvement in the late stages of diabetes, CD8 T cells are implicated in the initiation of disease. NOD mice, in which the beta2-micro...

objectives: this study investigates the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of prangos ferulacea (l.) lindle (p.f) on rats' pancreas structure changes and diabetic treatment after streptozotocin injection. materials and methods: in this research forty male wistar rats with body weights of 100±20 gram, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 rats per each group. diabetes was induced in ra...

Mice bearing a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ot transgene controlled by an insulin promoter developed an increasingly severe lymphocytic insulitis, apparently resulting from the induction of endothelial changes with features similar to those observed in other places of intense lymphocytic traffic. This was accompanied by dissociation of the endocrine tissue (without marked decrease in its total m...