desertification of the arid and semi-arid lands of the world has been proceeding for more than a thousand years.human-induced degradation in these areas is regularly cited as one of the principal causes of desertification.euphrates and tigris basin as the case study of this research in some aspects is almost unique in the world. but thisbasin has been confronted to progressive desertification. ...

Since the enactment of the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in 1971 and the establishment of Antiquities and Monuments Office in 1976, the Hong Kong Government has set up several institutions with particular ordinances and schemes for Heritage Conservation. With the set-up of government initiatives, yet the protection of physical and cultural heritage is still limited due to the ambiguity of...

In Europe, the energy transition by means of a governance shift through liberalization is followed by a transition and shift towards community energy initiatives, with a particular view of supporting the demand for greater energy sustainability. What institutional legal consequences, as constraints and opportunities for lawful behaviour, follow from a shift in legal governance towards facilitat...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the system of oil revenues effects on the production performance of oil-rich countries in both short and long-run. To reveal new insight, a macroeconomic model is designed to hypothesize long-run structural relations in the economies of the oil-rich countries including three long-run relationships of real output, real money balance, and the adjusted p...

This Response critically evaluates Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development framework and points to some of the challenges of adapting it to study patent pools, open source software groups, and other “cultural” as opposed to natural commons. Few have done more than Ostrom to advance the study of institutions, and no approach offers more insight into the structure of a common-pool ...

I suggest that the constructivist developmental framework in psychology is of real significance for advancing our understanding on rational action and normative commitment in social action dilemmas. Yet, the recognition of the implications of the developmental perspective to deal with intersubjective conflicts of action has been hindered by often undisputed epistemological presuppositions which...

This paper is based on research conducted as an initiative under the Open and Collaborative Science in Development Network (OCSDNet) to explore new innovative mechanisms that can enhance collaborative disaster recovery planning, knowledge management, and learning in the Caribbean. The need for enhanced knowledge management to mitigate disaster risk through the sharing of information and knowled...