abstract because of relation between digestive enzyme activity and feeding of insects that directly is in relation with the damage of insects; studying digestive enzyme systems is important in finding new control methods based on inhibiting digestive enzyme activity. recently using transgenic plants containing enzyme inhibitors is important in improving resistance of crops to pests because of s...

anastrepha bezzii (diptera: tephritidae) larvae are common inside fruits of sterculia chicha (malvaceae) in minas gerais state, brazil. the seed dormancy and attack by a. bezzii of the native species s.chicha can be detrimental to seed germination and thus the natural spread of this plant. the objectives of the current study were to compare ecological observations of a. bezzii and s. chicha in ...

ABSTRACT- Several species of aphids cause severe damage to citrus in the north of Iran. Predatory insects play an important role in biological control of the pests in citrus orchards. In this study, potential predatory insects of citrus aphids, Aphis spiraecola, A. gossypii and Toxoptera aurantii, were identified and their seasonal population dynamics...

b a ckground: aquatic insects are the  major groups of arthropods that spend  some parts of their life cycle in the water. these insects play an important role for transmission of some human and animal diseases. there is few information about the aquatic insects fauna of iran. m e t hods: to study the aquatic insects fauna, adult, nymphal and larval collections were carried out from different h...

There is an extraordinary diversity in genetic systems across species, but this variation remains poorly understood. In part, this is because the mechanisms responsible for transitions between systems are often unknown. A recent hypothesis has suggested that conflict between hosts and endosymbiotic microorganisms over transmission could drive the transition from diplodiploidy to systems with ma...