Arsenical poisoning may occur in industry, in three forms: (I) From inhalation of or contact with dust of inorganic compounds, (2) from inhalation of arseniuretted hydrogen, (3) from contact with organic arsenic compounds. The inorganic compounds act as local irritants to the skin and mucosa and may have a carcinogenic effect. Arseniuretted hydrogen acts as a haemolytic agent and organic arseni...

Forward osmosis (FO) can be used to extract clean water and pre-concentrate municipal wastewater to make it amenable to anaerobic treatment. A protocol was developed to assess the suitability of FO draw solutes for pre-concentrating wastewater for potential integration with anaerobic treatment to facilitate resource recovery from wastewater. Draw solutes were evaluated in terms of their ability...

This investigation evaluates the use of organic ionic salt solutions as draw solutions for specific use in osmotic membrane bioreactors. Also, this investigation presents a simple method for determining the diffusion coefficient of ionic salt solutions using only a characterized membrane. A selection of organic ionic draw solutions underwent a desktop screening process before being tested in th...