We analyse the C anonymity protocol under the novel assumption that the attacker has independent knowledge on behavioural patterns of individual users. Under such conditions we study, reformulate and extend Reiter and Rubin’s notion of probable innocence, and provide a new formalisation for it based on the concept of protocol vulnerability. Accordingly, we establish new formal relationship...

Recently, an alarmingly high incidence of wrongful convictions has been documented in the United States, in large part because of "Innocence Projects" that use DNA analyses from crime scenes to exonerate innocent persons. The best-known Innocence Project, administered through the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in New York, has helped to free 138 people who had been wrongfully incarcerated. A...

The Central Park jogger case and other recent exonerations highlight the problem of wrongful convictions, 15% to 25% of which have contained confessions in evidence. Recent research suggests that actual innocence does not protect people across a sequence of pivotal decisions: (a) In preinterrogation interviews, investigators commit false-positive errors, presuming innocent suspects guilty; (b) ...


 The article is focused on the analysis of legal category police officers’ presumption innocence. Accordingly, purpose research to provide comprehensive characteristics innocence, taking into account international practice its formation and development. To achieve this purpose, author has formulated following tasks: 1) study historical aspect origin including within qualification immunity...

We analyse the Crowds anonymity protocol under the novel assumption that the attacker has independent knowledge on behavioural patterns of individual users. Under such conditions we study, reformulate and extend Reiter and Rubin’s notion of probable innocence, and provide a new formalisation for it based on the concept of protocol vulnerability. Accordingly, we establish new formal relationship...

The dominant theoretical model of plea bargaining predicts that, under conditions of full information and rational choice, criminal cases should uniformly be settled through plea bargaining. That prediction holds for innocent and guilty defendants alike. Because it is perfectly rational for innocent defendants to plead guilty, plea bargaining might be said to have an "innocence problem." Plea b...

I made an unusual choice in deciding to write this informal essay about race and innocence. The choice is unusual because my primary purpose in doing so is to flaunt my ignorance on the subject—to reach out to readers for help in clarifying my confusion. I am not, however, overly embarrassed by my ignorance because the subject is one on which no one yet knows very much. The main point of my ess...