BACKGROUND The spinal cord is an important site where volatile anesthetics decrease sensation and produce immobility. Beyond this knowledge, our understanding of a site of anesthetic action is limited. Previous evidence suggests that dorsal horn neurons with ascending projections may be more susceptible to depression by general anesthetics than local spinal interneurons. In this study we evalua...

Medications given preoperatively have the potential to affect the induction dose of injectable anesthetics, which could result in an anesthetic overdose. Tepoxalin is an NSAID approved for the treatment of arthritis in dogs in the United States and hence could be administered in patients requiring anesthesia. In this study, administration of a single dose or a 10-day course of tepoxalin did not...

PURPOSE To determine the effect of several common general anesthetics on intraocular pressure (IOP) after experimental aqueous outflow obstruction in the rat. METHODS A single episcleral vein injection of hypertonic saline was used to sclerose aqueous humor outflow pathways and produce elevated IOP in Brown Norway rats. Animals were housed in either standard lighting or a constant low-level l...

conclusions hepatotoxicity of halogenated inhalational anesthetics has been well documented in available literature. halothane-induced liver injury was extensively acknowledged; however, the next generation halogenated anesthetics have different molecular structures and associated with less hepatotoxicity. although anesthesia-induced hepatitis is not a common occurrence, we must consider the as...

The information regarding the risk of anesthesia-related death in veterinary medicine is scarce, and little known about mortality specific anesthetics. study conducted during 2019 at University Sarajevo, Veterinary faculty, aimed to estimate intermittent injectable ketamine-xylazine anesthesia dogs investigate potential relationship between rate anesthesiologists’ experience. Anesthetic records...

pain is a challenging health dilemma and has gained a great focus in clinico-pathological conditions correlated with post-operative, neuropathic and cancer pain. while perioperative administration of analgesics to mitigate the postoperative pain has been well established in the literature (termed preventive analgesia), preemptive analgesia or effects of any drug (such as anesthetics) prior to o...

Neural activity is closely followed by a localised change in cerebral blood flow, a process termed neurovascular coupling. These hemodynamic changes form the basis of contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and are used as a correlate for neural activity. Anesthesia is widely employed in animal fMRI and neurovascular studies, however anesthetics are known to profoundly affect n...

Currently available local anesthetics have analgesic durations in humans generally less than 12 hours. Prolonged-duration local anesthetics will be useful for postoperative analgesia. Previous studies showed that in rats, combinations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) with bupivacaine had supra-additive effects on sciatic block durations. In those studies, epinephrine combined with TTX prolonged blocks mor...

Introduction: Animal experimentation in neurosciences requires the use of anesthetics for animal welfare and cooperation. Two of the most widely used anesthetics for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of animals are Isofluorane (Iso) and Alpha-Chloralose (AC). Iso is a volatile drug shown to be suitable to obtain fMRI images at low concentrations (1). AC is an injectable anesthetic wi...

BACKGROUND Topical anesthetics, unlike injectable anesthetics, can be applied painlessly and can provide sufficient pain control to maintain patient comfort throughout a variety of laser procedures. Although the use of topical lidocaine is considered relatively safe, instances of cardiotoxic and neurotoxic adverse events have been reported to occur. OBSERVATIONS A 52-year-old woman underwent ...