introduction: lymphoscintigraphy is imaging of the lymphatic system and has been integrated into the sentinel node mapping procedures. lymphoscintigraphy usually encompasses early or delayed static images. however, immediate dynamic imaging of the lymphatic basins and tumors has also been used as an adjunct lymphoscintigraphy imaging. the aim of this study was to assess the role of early dynami...

background: the purpose of this study was to evaluate nodal irradiation with conventional three-field's technique. materials and methods: fifty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. computed tomography scans in the supine treatment position were imported into a treatment planning system. levels i-iii axillary and supraclavicular nodes were identified and their depths to ...

b a ckground: the management of internal mammary (im) nodes in breast cancer lacks a well-defined consensus. lymphoscintigraphy identifies up to one-third of breast cancer patients with extra-axillary drainage, which is mainly located in the im chain. our aim in this meta-analysis is to identify the lymphoscintigraphy technique variables that effect im node identification. m ethods: an internet...

There is a growing interest in the study of graphs that evolve over time. Communication networks, peer-to-peer systems, social networks, ad-hoc radio networks and the Internet are only few examples of networks that are intrinsically dynamic. In order to analyse real world phenomena from a mathematical point of view, we have to define abstract models of concrete scenarios. This introduces a natu...

Korf, Reid, and Edelkamp launched a line of research aimed at predicting how many nodes IDA* will expand with a given cost bound. This paper advances this line of research in three ways. First, we identify a source of prediction error that has hitherto been overlooked. We call it the “discretization effect”. Second, we disprove the intuitively appealing idea that a “more informed” prediction sy...

In this paper, we study a broadcast problem in directed trees. This problem is motivated by the task of implementing broadcast and multicast requests in computer systems with networks that utilize circuit routing schemes such as wormhole routing or virtual cut through routing as opposed to store and forward routing. Examples of such systems include the Intel Paragon and the NCUBE-2. The problem...

Abstract Path planning algorithms based on sampling have been widely studied and applied in recent years, among which the Informed-RRT* algorithm is a typically progressive optimization algorithm. To overcome weakness of low efficiency algorithm, an improved AIRRT* (Adaptive Informed-RRT*) proposed, can greatly improve quality optimized paths. According to node distribution initial path, approp...

In this paper we present an emergency monitoring strategy (Predictive Simulation Reporting) using Wireless Sensor Networks that combines sensor monitoring and the prediction of future movement of occupants using a multi-agent crowd evacuation simulation operating on a resource-rich Base Station node. Sensor nodes are informed ahead of time about multiple possible evacuation scenarios that could...

Adaptive networks include a set of nodes with adaptation and learning abilities for modeling various types of self-organized and complex activities encountered in the real world. This paper presents the effect of heterogeneously distributed incremental least mean-square (LMS) algorithm with ideal links on the quality of unknown parameter estimation. In heterogeneous adaptive networks, a fractio...

OBJECTIVES In the current climate of increasing awareness, patients are demanding more knowledge of the operative process. We report a new protocol for consenting patients. In addition to the normal consent process, patients are invited to watch a video of the operation to gain a perspective of what is involved. We applied this novel method of consent and assessed its impact on patient satisfac...