in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to clarify the early stages of viral kinetics and cycliccourse of ibdv, ir499, which has been described earlier as a very virulent strain (vvibdv). fifteen, 4-week-old spf chickens were inoculated with 10³ eid50 of vvibdv, ir499, via oculo/nasal route. five birdsserved as controls, and inoculated with phosphate buffered saline (pbs). the birds were t...

Background: clinical education with patient-focused learning is very important in medical education. Therefore, it is very essential to select an appropriate education method. The current study was conducted to analyze the impact of simultaneous presentation of medical stager and inter in seminars provided with a pre-organizer strategy and from the students' perspective (2012-2013).  Methods: t...

antibiotic guidelines have proven to be a simple and effective intervention to guide the choice of appropriate empiric antibiotic regimens. the goals of this study were to evaluate adherence to guidelines and streamlining of antibiotics. hospital records of hospitalized patients in infectious diseases ward imam khomeini hospital, tehran, iran, from may 2008 to september 2009 were reviewed. adhe...

three subheadings including treatment, prevention and control and diagnosis methods got the most priorities, respectively. although about half of the priorities are related to two subheadings including treatment and diagnosis methods, research priorities of prevention and control methods (22% of all priorities) indicate the importance of prevention for clinicians who gave scores to the titles. ...

abo blood type antigens are polymorphic, inherited structures presented on the surface of red blood cells. although abo blood group antigens is the most important antigens in transfusion medicine, its main role is not clearly clarified. correlation between abo blood group and susceptibility to certain infectious and non-infectious diseases is a controversial issue. since, lack of blood type ant...

BACKGROUND Ineffective communication of infection control requirements during transitions of care is a potential cause of non-compliance with infection control precautions by healthcare personnel. In this study, interventions to enhance communication during inpatient transfers between wards and radiology were implemented, in the attempt to improve adherence to precautions during transfers. ME...

background: medical education of iran witnessed a lot of changes in recent years. evaluation of educational activities has been one important intervention introduced in this regard. purpose: we designed a new format and evaluated the function of educational groups of tabriz medical science university at 2000 methods: educational group’s structure and function of internal medicine ward, infectio...