Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: MCWF: Mycobacterium Cell Wall Fraction; BRDC: Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; ADG: Average Daily Gain; IL-2:Interleukin-2; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IFN-γ: Interferon Gamma; TDM: Trehalose 6,6′-Dimycolate; MDP: Muramyl Dipeptide; IBR: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis; PI3: Parainfluenza 3; BRSV: Bovine Respiratory Syncytial virus; BVD...

Two different viruses were isolated from bovine embryonic cell cultures after two subcultures from the primary cells. One virus was identified as parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 (SV-5), and the other was identified as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Six months later, stock cultures of pig kidney (PK-15) cells were found to be contaminated with SV-5 virus. We believe that the source...

This study provides evidence that subcutaneous vaccination of cattle with a commercially available modified-live virus combination vaccine can help reduce clinical signs associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infections in feedlot animals vaccinated at the time of arrival. Calves vaccinated 72 or 96 hours before challenge had reduced clinical signs, lower body temperatures, lower vir...

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a group of the respiratory disease multifaceted pathogens and key cattle, leading to significant economic losses dairy industry globally. The causative agent IBR Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1), which member genus Varicellovirus in Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, belongs family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales. BoHV-1 can be categorized into three s...

The effect of dexamethasone on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (Bovine herpesvirus 1: BHV 1) was studied by measuring the mean plaque size produced by eight virus strains under two concentrations of dexamethasone phosphate (0.1 and 1 mM). Dexamethasone induced a significant reduction of the mean plaque size, whatever the strain used. Some differences were noted between the BHV 1 strains...

Twelve 364 Ib beef calves were weaned, limit-fed and fasted for three days during the 20-day period after weaning, and then inoculated intranasally with live attentuated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis on day 20. Six of these calves were injected intramuscularly with water soluble vitamins every 2 days from day 9 to day 34. Plasma ascorbic acid and pantothenic acid were depressed by weaning a...