The purpose of exposure tests for industrial poisons or other hazards is to determine if sufficient quantities of the harmful agent are being ( or have been) absorbed to cause intoxication. In interpreting such tests, the three major factors which determine whether or not intoxication occurs should be considered. The first ofthese is the time factor. Over a short period the probability of intox...

a Department of Toxicology, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran b Novin Kavosh Mamatir, 20th Street, Kaveh Industrial Zone, Saveh, Iran c Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine and Razi Drug Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 141...

Toxicology is the study of poisons and poisoning and has an ancient and venerable history. Although there have been numerous notorious poisonings throughout the ages and rather astute descriptions of toxic agents, the scientific study of toxicology did not commence until the 19th century. There was rapid development of analytical methods in the late 19th century and then an acceleration of both...