ensuring the security in civil aviation - as a primary factor in economical and industrial development - is the major concern of international community. pursuant to the serious challenges in this sector after terrorist events of 11 september 2001 in the united states, international civil aviation organization (icao) as the most important organization relating to the international civil aviatio...

economic recession is considered as a repeatable and constant phenomenon in capitalist economy. countries which experienced rapid economic growth have inevitably applied a balancing program after that. generally, whenever industrial, financial and commercial developments occurred in a rapid growth, the reverse and changing processes would appear. consequently, they will affect the financial and...

The structure of industrial R&D has undergone considerable change since 1985, particularly in the United States. But rather than creating an entirely novel system, this restructuring has revived important elements of the industrial research “system” of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, many of the elements of the “Open Innovation” approach to R&D manage...