The reaction between reducing sugars and protein free amines, known as the Maillar reaction results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGE modification changes the structure of proteins to amyloid cross-beta structure. These protein structures can activate receptors known as RAGE on glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), and induce the expression of inducible nitric oxi...

The reaction between reducing sugars and protein free amines, known as the Maillar reaction results in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGE modification changes the structure of proteins to amyloid cross-beta structure. These protein structures can activate receptors known as RAGE on glial cells (microglia and astrocytes), and induce the expression of inducible nitric oxi...

Nitric oxide is a short-lived mediator, which can be induced in a variety of cell types and produces many physiologic and metabolic changes in target cells. It is important in many biological functions and generated from L-arginine by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Nitric oxide conveys a variety of messages between cells, including signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and cytotoxici...

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and neuropathology. Recent preclinical and epidemiological studies proposed statins as a possible therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease, but the exact mechanisms of action are still unknown. Biliverdin reductase-A is a pleiotropic enzyme involved in cellular stress responses. It not only tra...

The association between Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced organ damage and nitric oxide-related mechanisms was investigated in the spleen of male Swiss albino mice (20-40 g) by using (1) Pt/Ir electrochemical sensor connected to an amperometric detection system (NO-501, InterMedical Co., Japan), (2) nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry, (3) conventional light microscopy and (4) immunoblotting te...

spinal cord injury (sci) as a destructive crash result in neurons degeneration. the sci lead to the onset of biochemical and molecular cascades such as inflammation that in turn has a key role in neurodegeneration development. the previous studies demonstrated the role of tnf-α and inos genes in intensifying the process after sci. as a consequence, these genes overexpression intensify the infla...

nitric oxide (no) is thought to be involved in spatial learning and memory in several brain areas such as hippocampus. this study examined the effects of post-training intrahippocampal microinjections of 1400w as a selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) inhibitor on spatial memory, in both anesthetized and non-anesthetized situations in rats. in the present work, 4-day training trials...

Nitric oxide has been shown to be beneficial for gastric ulcer healing. We determined the relative effects of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases on gastric ulcer healing in rats. Ulcers were induced by serosal application of acetic acid. Ulcer severity, angiogenesis, and nitric oxide synthase expression were assessed 3-10 days later. The effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synth...

Objective(s):Some pathologic situations such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with alternation in nitric oxide level. Incidence of these condition increases with aging. On the other hand, insulin secretion is modulated by nitric oxide, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is also altered in diabetes. In this study, modification in the enzyme activity associated with aging a...