In the present study, the effects of intra-hippocampal microinjections of morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) were investigated in the formalin-induced orofacial pain in rats. Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of formalin (1 %, 50 μl) in the upper lip region and the time spent of face rubbing was measured in 3-min blocks for 45 min. Formalin induc...

In this study, the effects of subcutaneous (SC) injection of pilocarpine (a cholinomimetic agent) and atropine (a muscarinic receptors antagonist) were investigated on a tonic model of orofacial pain in rats. The contribution of the endogenous analgesic opioid system was assessed using naloxone (an opioid receptors antagonist). Tonic orofacial pain was induced by SC injection of a diluted forma...

  Objective(s): The present study investigated the effects of microinjection of histamine and histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptor antagonists, chlorpheniramine, ranitidine and thioperamide, respectively into the primary somatosensory cortex (PSC) on inflammatory pain.   Material and Methods: Two stainless steel guide canulas were bilaterally implanted into the PSC of anaesthetized rats. Inf...

The present study was a protocol for investigation of the effect of acetaminophen (i.p.) on pain induced by electrical stimulation. We used tail shock vocalization (TSV) test for measurement of the pain. In this test, the animals were restrained and stimulated by two electrode implanted on the middle of the animal’s tail. The latency from stimulation of the tail till vocalization of the animal ...

The present study was a protocol for investigation of the effect of acetaminophen (i.p.) on pain induced by electrical stimulation. We used tail shock vocalization (TSV) test for measurement of the pain. In this test, the animals were restrained and stimulated by two electrode implanted on the middle of the animal’s tail. The latency from stimulation of the tail till vocalization of the animal ...

Calcium, through its various channels involves in local, spinal and supra-spinal transmission of pain. In the present study, we investigated the separate and combined treatment effects of verapamil (a calcium channel blocker), morphine (an opioid agonist) and naloxone (an opioid antagonist) on pain in the orofacial region of rats. Orofacial pain was induced by subcutaneous (SC) injection of for...

background: studies have emphasized the effect of trigonella foenum-graecum extract on the reduction of pain and inflammation. objective: in this research we investigated the mechanisms of trigonella foenum-graecum extract in reducing pain and inflammation induced by formalin. methods: male albino mice (weight 20 - 25 g) were evaluated through the injection of 2 microliters of formalin to the p...

the effect of blood glucose level changes induced by 24h food deprivation and intraperitoneal (ip) injection of insulin (2iu/kg) and glucose (2gr/kg) was investigated on the pain induced by intraplantar (ipl) injection of formalin (20ml , 5%) in mice. blood glucose level changes were determined by blood sampling from the apex of the tail of mice. ip injection of insulin and 24h food deprivation...