introduction: inflammation and edema symptoms are physiological response to triggers that can be induced by different mediators such as cytokines. rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of arthritis which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane, severe and debilitating pain and progressive cartilage injury. it is clear that cytokines are involved in different sta...

background: il-4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper t cells into th2 cells. once activated by il-4, th2 cells subsequently produce additional il-4. objective: to examine the effect of il-4 on il-17 production and its effect in collagen- induced arthritis (cia) mice. method: in this study, a chicken collagen-ii-induced experimental arthritis (cia) model was used in dba/1 ...

Background: The effectiveness of T cell vaccination has been demonstrated in a variety of animal models of both induced and spontaneous autoimmune diseases. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the T cell vaccination protocol to treat and prevent collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Methods: CIA was induced by an intradermal injection of an artheritogen ...

Background: IL-4 is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells into Th2 cells. Once activated by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. Objective: To examine the effect of IL-4 on IL-17 production and its effect in Collagen- Induced Arthritis (CIA) mice. Method: In this study, a chicken collagen-II-induced experimental arthritis (CIA) model was used in DBA/1 ...

the novel bicyclo thieno 1, 2, 3-triazines (btt) namely btt-1, btt-2, btt-3 and btt-4 were evaluated for analgesic anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using hot plate test , formalin induced paw licking test and formalin induced paw edema test respectively, complete fruend’s adjuvant (cfa) induced arthritis model was used for anti...

Objective: Opuntia humifusa (O. humifusa) Raf. has been used for the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, and cancer. Our study was designed to unveil the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of O. humifusa Raf stem (OHS).  Material and Methods: The anti-nociceptive effect was measured by hot plate, acetic acid-induced writhing, and...

Objective: Dryopteris filix-mas (D. filix-mas) (L.) Schott, (Dryopteridaceae) is used in traditional medicine, particularly</span...

The novel bicyclo thieno 1, 2, 3-triazines (BTT) namely BTT-1, BTT-2, BTT-3 and BTT-4 were evaluated for analgesic anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using hot plate test , formalin induced paw licking test and formalin induced paw edema test respectively, complete fruend’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model was used for anti...

introduction: immune system is involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammation and vitamins are important sources of substances inducing nonspecific immunomodulatory effects. given the proinflammatory role of cytokines in the inflammation and pain induction, this study aimed to assess the effects of long-term administration of vitamin b1 on the proinflammatory cytokines, edema, and...

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is the major target of the therapeutic approach in rheumatoid arthritis. A key issue in the approach to chronic arthritis is the understanding of the crucial molecules driving the transition from the acute phase to the chronic irreversible phase of the disease. In this review we analyzed five experimental arthritis animal models (antigen-induced arthritis, adjuva...