we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...

Evaluation Crown Height Model Extracted from the UAV in Individual Tree Detection Sisangan Forest Park

Surface roughness parameters, such as roughness length and displacement height, impact the estimation of surface moisture, and the frontal areas of buildings and trees are two components that contribute to surface roughness in urban areas. Research on tree frontal area has not been conducted in urban areas before, and we hope to fill that gap in the literature with this study by using Terrestri...

A procedure for both vertical canopy structure analysis and 3D single tree modelling based on Lidar point cloud is presented in this paper. The whole area of research is segmented into small study cells by a raster net. For each cell, a normalized point cloud whose point heights represent the absolute heights of the ground objects is generated from the original Lidar raw point cloud. The main t...

One problem of individual tree detection on aerial images or on raster canopy height models is handling of tree crowns of different sizes. On laser scanner data one size attribute, height, is directly available. This gives possibilities to develop processing methods that adapt to the object size. In this study, three adaptive methods were developed and tested for individual tree detection on ca...

Detailed forest inventory information is critically required for many ecological applications as well as for forest management. However, traditional field measurements, which are labor intensive and time consuming, can provide only a very limited amount of information for large forest areas so that extrapolated estimation of forest characteristics tends to have large errors. With the help of ne...

Projection of stand development over time relies on accurate height–diameter functions. In complex forests where trees of various ages, species, sizes, vigor and crown classes, and shade tolerance levels coexist, tree height predictions are more difficult than in uniform conditions. In such complex situations, individual tree height–diameter relationships and predictions are often further compl...