in every community, higher values and interests have a special position. in the form of the concept of public order, national legal systems support these higher values and interests against the individual interests and freedom. in these systems, the function of public order is to limit contractual freedom and to prevent from enforcement of foreign law and awards. although the international comm...

In this article, we review a growing empirical literature on the effectiveness and fairness of US pretrial system discuss its policy implications. Despite importance stage criminal legal process, researchers have only recently begun to explore how balances individual rights public interests. We describe challenges that prevented progress in area recent work has made use new data sources quasi-e...

Biomedical research involving human subjects is an arena of conflicts of interests. One of the most important conflicts is between interests of participants and interests of future patients. Legal regulations and ethical guidelines are instruments designed to help find a fair balance between risks and burdens taken by research subjects and development of knowledge and new treatment. There is an...

Background: In any society, values, collective and national interests have a special place. National legal systems, in the sense of public order in the nationalization of foreign investor property, support these high national values and interests against individual interests. Therefore, this research has been conducted with the aim of presenting the moral model of public order in the nationaliz...