Corporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and nature expense”, for the statement profit loss other comprehensive income period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance consisten...

in this research, we investigate the influence of profit management on the long-term performance of ipos in tehran stock exchange. the ipos in 1378 to 1384 are used as our sample and their long-term return in a three-year period after the ipo are calculated. we start calculating the return from the first day after the month in which the financial statement of ipo is published. discretionary cur...

F ifteen years ago, Milton Friedman’s 1957 treatise A Theory of the Consumption Function seemed badly dated. Dynamic optimization theory had not been employed much in economics when Friedman wrote, and utility theory was still comparatively primitive, so his statement of the “permanent income hypothesis” never actually specified a formal mathematical model of behavior derived explicitly from ut...

banks play important roles in promoting national development. in order to provide efficient services and to perform their statutory roles effectively, banks are required to comply with established standards. in nigeria, the statement of accounting standards (sas), companies and allied matters act (cama) and the central bank of nigeria’s directives and regulations provide guidelines to banks in ...

In seeking to meet the objectives of financial reporting stated in the IASB’s Conceptual Framework, the current ‘balance-sheet’ approach is necessary but not sufficient. Critical, but largely overlooked in the Framework, is the role of uncertainty, which we argue defines the role of accrual accounting in providing useful information to investors. This role is in some sense paradoxical: on the o...