Central Place and Central Flow Theory are geographic principles explaining why and how cities develop across large regional spaces. Central Place Theory postulates that cities self-organize into a spatial hierarchy were small numbers of very large ‘Central Places’ support numerous surrounding and less developed ‘Low Places’, while ‘Middle Places’ develop at the periphery of where Central Places...

"Using published census data, metropolitan area population and employment statistics are constructed for several large Latin American cities in 1950, 1960, and 1970, and compared to similar statistics from selected North American cities. The Latin cities are experiencing decentralization of population and some decentralization of employment. Overall population density patterns of large Latin ci...

urban design has been used in the cities throughout the world to achieve certain goals and purposes. it has been common in developing countries, including iran, to use urban regeneration plans in the older sections of large cities to eliminate urban blight and decay, and eventually achieve modernization and in some cases to also overcome socio-economic and cultural problems. approaches have bee...

We develop an approach to utilize anisotropic metamaterials to solve one of the fundamental problems of modern plasmonics--parasitic scattering of surface waves into free-space modes, opening the road to truly two-dimensional plasmonic optics. We illustrate the developed formalism on the examples of plasmonic refractor and plasmonic crystal, and discuss limitations of the developed technique an...

The integrated development of central Henan urban agglomeration is a significant strategy of economic and social development for Henan Provence. This paper summarized the thoughts and exerting point of integrated development of central Henan urban agglomeration, and analyzed the existing issues during the integrated development of central Henan urban agglomeration. For example, the integrated d...

In this paper, a land utilization efficiency evaluation model, which takes environmental loss into consideration, has been structured via taking advantage of the slack-based measure (SBM) model. Meanwhile, based on the panel data from 280 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2013, the paper thoroughly probed into, and discussed, the effect imposed by industry clustering and specializat...

Methods: The study sample included home care clients aged 75 or over living in three cities in Eastern and Central Finland. Modified line 56: The study participants were 75-year-old or older home care clients living in three cities in Eastern and Central Finland.