National Endowment for the Humanities and other donors. According to CSC director Werner Kelber, “Professor Handelman was selected as the fourth NEH Distinguished Visiting Scholar in recognition of her notable contribution to integrating Jewish religious thought into the modern humanities and to tracing plausible links between the Rabbinic interpretive tradition and several influential schools ...

intertextuality is an approach which is considered in modern criticism. arabic contemporary literature has derived a collection of modern concepts from western literature called tanas in arabic language. the intertextuality is applied to study literary texts more deeply and to access to their unmentioned. the holy quran text has an integral link with poems of many poets ;for example, ibrahim to...

at the beginning of 20th century, psychology got a special status in contemporary criticism (or critical approaches) through the theories of freud and jung. literary works were being criticized by such approaches on the basis of the text sender (author or poet), after a while, with the rise of other psychological schools – such as gestalt- they started to be criticized on the basis of their inf...

Literature, in addition to its aesthetic and artistic aspects, has always been a reflection of social and cultural realities and characteristics of its respective era and society. Sociological criticism is a relatively modern method in literary criticism. The method studies the structure and content of literary works and their relation to the structures and evolutions of the societies where the...

The novel as a modern literary genre is generally regarded as the realization of its main character's journey from immaturity to a status of maturity. The character, usually an uncomplicated person unable to cope with the complexities of life at first, gains an insight and understanding to handle his/her complex situation accordingly later in the novel. It is usually agreed in both literary cri...

modern aesthetic is separated its account from classic aesthetic in the categories as meaning and beauty, and is shaped new aesthetic experiences. in the modern time isn’t a trace from static and stable attitude to world in the science and even art. when a work describes with terms like modern and post modern, we must be expect that encounter difficulty in its understanding. the works have very...