INTRODUCTION: REFRAMING THE ISSUE OF RACE AND IMPRISONMENT .............. 1272 A. The Distinctive Features of African American Mass Incarceration .......... 1274 1. Total numbers incarcerated. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ...... .... . . . . . . .. ... . . .. . . . .......... 1274 2. Rate of incarceration . . ... ......... . . . . . ..... . . ............. . . ...... ....

False arrest and imprisonment can be an extraordinarily stressful psychological trauma. This is clearly demonstrated in the evaluation of forensic cases alleging false arrest and imprisonment, a review of the recent forensic psychiatric literature and reported legal cases. A clinical vignette is presented that illustrates the psychological trauma and sequelae associated with false arrest and im...

This paper examines the use of tines and imprisonment to deter individuals from engaging in harmful activities. These sanctions are analyzed separately as well as together, first for identical risk-neutral individuals and then for two groups of risk-neutral individuals who differ by wealth. When fines are used alone and individuals are identical, the optimal tine and probability of apprehension...

Background: Prison can be characterized as an impoverished environment encouraging a sedentary lifestyle with limited autonomy and social interaction, which may negatively affect self-control and executive function. Here, we aim to study the effects of imprisonment on self-control and executive functions, and we report the change in neuropsychological outcome after 3 months of imprisonment. Mat...

OBJECTIVES We studied a sample of homeless and marginally housed adults to examine whether a history of imprisonment was associated with differences in health status, drug use, and sexual behaviors among the homeless. METHODS We interviewed 1426 community-based homeless and marginally housed adults. We used multivariate models to analyze factors associated with a history of imprisonment. RE...

In the last 20 years, there has been a growing international recognition that prison is an inappropriate response to women in conflict with the law and a subsequent concern among academics, policy-makers and practitioners to reduce the number of women imprisoned (Sudbury 2005; Sheehan, McIvor and Trotter 2011). Across jurisdictions, lawbreaking by women differs in a number of important ways fro...

Exposure to the imprisonment of a parent during childhood is associated with poor health outcomes. After controlling for several socio-demographic factors, Lee and colleagues found significant increases in rates of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, cholesterol levels, asthma, migraines and HIV/AIDS in adults who had experienced parental imprisonment as children. For paternal ...

Although much research has focused on how imprisonment transforms the life course of disadvantaged black men, researchers have paid little attention to how parental imprisonment alters the social experience of childhood. This article estimates the risk of parental imprisonment by age 14 for black and white children born in 1978 and 1990. This article also estimates the risk of parental imprison...

This article studies the optimal use of fines and imprisonment when an offender’s level of wealth cannot be observed by the enforcement authority. I employ a model in which there are two types of offenders — a low-wealth type and a high-wealth type. The consequence of the unobservability of wealth depends on whether the enforcement authority would employ fines alone, or would also impose impris...

BACKGROUND Reports linking the deinstitutionalisation of psychiatric care with homelessness and imprisonment have been published widely. AIMS To identify cohort studies that followed up or traced back long-term psychiatric hospital residents who had been discharged as a consequence of deinstitutionalisation. METHOD A broad search strategy was used and 9435 titles and abstracts were screened...