Introduction: Estrogen, a crucial hormone during pregnancy, acts through two types of receptors. The estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ESR-α and ESR-β) are more abundant and exists in all human reproductive systems. Association of ESR-α and ESR-β genes polymorphisms has been reported in some reproductive problems such as spontaneous abortion, endometriosis-related infertility, and in vitro fert...

Background: Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF) is one of the most intricate obstacles in assisted reproduction. The cytokine and chemokine composition of uterine cavity seem to play important roles in the implantation process. Objective: To compare the cytokine profile in the endometrium of normal fertile women and those with repeated implantation failure. Methods: After enzymatic digestion of...

background: recurrent implantation failure is one of the most issues in ivf cycles.some researchers found that beneficial effects of endometrial scratching in womenwith recurrent implantation failure, while some authors demonstrated contrary resultsobjective: the present study aimed to investigate the effect of intrauterine. salineinfusion as a form of endometrial injury, during fresh in vitro ...

background: repeated implantation failure (rif) is one of the most intricate obstacles in assisted reproduction. the cytokine and chemokine composition of uterine cavity seem to play important roles in the implantation process. objective: to compare the cytokine profile in the endometrium of normal fertile women and those with repeated implantation failure. methods: after enzymatic digestion of...

  Purpose: Estrogen as a crucial hormone during pregnancy acts by two types of receptors.   Estrogen receptor alpha, expressed by estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene, is more abundant and   exists in all human reproductive systems. Association of ESR1 gene polymorphism has been   shown in some reproductive fields such as spontaneous abortion, endometriosis-related infertility   and in vitro fertili...

The success of assisted reproduction, although gradually increasing over the years, is still less than satisfactory. Many couples have benefited from this treatment; many have also been left frustrated following multiple failed attempts (Bulent Urman et al. 2005). Repeated implantation failure (RIF), defined as three or more failed IVF attempts or failure of IVF after cumula- Abstracts of the 5...

Background: HLA-G, as a tolerogenic molecule, expressed in cytotrophoblast cells and playing an important role in the suppression of the immune response in maternal decidua. Today Interaction of the extracellular domains of HLA-G protein with cell receptors of immune system, including CD8, LILRB1, LILRB2 and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR2DL4, was well known. Materials and Methods...