Bacterial flagellin protein is a potent microbe-associated molecular pattern. Immune responses are triggered by 22-amino-acid epitope derived from flagellin, known as flg22, upon detection the pattern recognition receptor FLAGELLIN-SENSING2 (FLS2) in multiple plant species. However, increasing evidence suggests that flg22 epitopes of several bacterial species not universally immunogenic to plan...

Radiation therapy (RT) is used for local tumor control through direct killing of tumor cells. Radiation-induced cell death can trigger tumor antigen-specific immune responses, but these are often noncurative. Radiation has been demonstrated to induce immunogenic modulation (IM) in various tumor types by altering the biology of surviving cells to render them more susceptible to T cell-mediated k...

Objective(s): To design a multivalent DNA vaccine encoding the most immunogenic regions of the Leishmania major antigens including TSA (Thiol-specific antioxidant protein), LmSTI1 (Leishmania major stress-inducible protein1), LACK (Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C Kinase), and KMP11 (kinetoplastid membrane protein-11) on BALB/c mice.M...

By using an experimental model of anticancer vaccination, we have recently lent support to the assumption, so far only sustained by in vitro data, that natural killer cells can restrain less immunogenic, allegedly tolerogenic, dendritic cells (DCs). This in vivo selection of immunogenic DCs appears to depend on perforin and to be associated with a more protective tumor-specific T lymphocyte res...

A primary immunogenic uveitis was produced in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of bovine plasma albumin or ovalbumin. A secondary or recurrent uveitis was induced by intravenous injection of the specific soluble antigen several months after the cessation of primary inflammation. Aqueous antigen-antibody complexes were studied at times of maximal clinical response in both primary and recurr...

conclusions the pc-ns3 possesses the capacity to express ns3 in the mammalian cell line and demonstrated strong immunogenicity in a murine model. our primary results demonstrated that the immunogenic truncated region of ns3 could be used as a potential vaccine candidate against hepatitis c. results the pcdna3.1 plasmid harboring the coding sequence of ns3 (pc-ns3) was constructed and confirmed ...

The CXCR3 ligands CXCL9, 10, and 11 play critical roles in the amplification of immune responses by recruiting CXCR3+ immune effector cells to the tumor site. Taking advantage of this property of CXCR3 ligands, we aimed to establish a novel approach to identify immunogenic mutated-antigens. We examined the feasibility of using CXCR3 ligand mRNAs as sensors for detection of specific immune respo...

Background The interaction between the immune system and cancer cells has become a focus of recent cancer therapy research. Immunogenic cell death, short ICD, was described as a cell death modality that stimulates an immune response against dead-cell antigens, in particular when they derive from cancer cells. Most malignant cells are poorly immunogenic and fail to elicit an effective antitumour...