health care providers. I hope that this article will contribute to pediatric psychologists’ broader thinking of systems in both their programs of research and the clinical issues we negotiate daily. Much of my thinking regarding social ecology has been derived from a program of research in pediatric psychopharmacology (for review, see Brown, Dreelin, & Dingle, 1997; Brown & Sawyer, 1998). Under...

BACKGROUND The cause of past plague pandemics was controversial but several research teams used PCR techniques and dental pulp as the primary material to reveal that they were caused by Yersinia pestis. However, the degradation of DNA limits the ability to detect ancient infections. METHODS We used for the first time immuno-PCR to detect Yersinia pestis antigens; it can detect protein concent...

background: asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and adolescents worldwide that can result in variable restriction in the physical, emotional and social aspects of the patient’s life.the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of asthma stimulants modifying education program on the attitude of adolescents with asthma.materials and methods: this study was based on pretes...

BACKGROUND Maladaptive immune responses, particularly cytokine and chemokine-driven, are a significant contributor to the deleterious inflammation present in many types of injury and infection. Widely available applications to rapidly assess individual inflammatory capacity could permit identification of patients at risk for exacerbated immune responses and guide therapy. Here we evaluate neutr...

Stimulants have, in their own ways, played a leading role shaping today’s globalised world. Their world-shaping power stems from double role: as “agents” that stimulate bodies, and things “rouse incite” capital. In this issue of Commodity Frontiers, contributions center on the histories presents some stimulant crops sites processes cultivation, expansion, transformations. Contributors variously...

BACKGROUND This paper explores the magnitude of--and extent of overlap between--additive genetic, shared environmental and non-shared environmental influences on lifetime stimulant use and on stimulant abuse/dependence symptoms; the associations between stimulant use and cannabis use and the extent to which these associations can be attributed to common or correlated genetic and environmental i...

Plants of the genus Polyscias (the family Araliaceae) are represented as perennial shrubs and commonly cultivated in southeastern Asia Pacific regions. Pharmacological studies revealed that crude extracts their isolated compounds exhibited a variety biological activity, such antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, immuno-stimulant, wound healing anti-asthmatic activities. For first time, phytoche...

Human lymphocytes stimulated for 16 h and then cultured without stimulant showed maximal activity on days 2-3 following a stimulus of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and on days 3-4 following a stimulus of staphylococcal nitrate (SF). At low dosage of stimulant the response of the cells was less marked but persisted for a longer period than at high dosage. The pattern of response is discussed in rela...