abstract cadmium is one of the heavy metals with a considerable importance for its potential toxic effects on soil microbial activities and composition. although, the toxic effect of cadmium on soil microbial activities is somewhat well-known, but the extent to which cd affects soil biota depends largely on soil properties and conditions, particularly soil organic matter contents. thus, the aim...

Ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of various biological functions including immune responses. Ubiquitination is induced by a cascade of enzymatic reactions by E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and E3 ubiquitin ligase, and reversed by deubiquitinases. Depending on the enzymes, specific linkage types of ubiquitin chains are generated or hydrolyze...

The release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) during the inflammatory response generates damages to host tissues, referred to as immunopathology, and is an important factor in ecological immunology. The integrated antioxidant system, comprising endogenous antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase SOD, and catalase CAT) and dietary antioxidants (e.g. carotenoids), helps ...

background: lead is the oldest known toxic metal, physiologically and biologically harmful to living creatures. this study aimed to evaluate the lead accumulation in the liver and breast muscles of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and to compare concentrations in both sexes and its effect on blood biochemical factors. methods: twenty-four young farm japanese quails (25 day old) prepared from ...

this study investigated the effects of coenzyme q10 (coq10) supplementation on hematological, enzymes activities and biochemical parameters in broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome (phs).two hundred and forty 1-d-old ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 4 replicates. from d 14, the diets were supplemented with coq10 at levels of 0, 20 and 40 mg/kg, res...

l glutaminase, a therapeutic enzyme obtained from marine actinomycetes gains importance because of their adaptability to varied environmental factors. an experimental study was carried out to isolate the l glutaminase producing actinomycetes from the marine sediment of thoothukudi. marine sediment sample was collected from six different locations of the thoothukudi coastal ecosystem, enriched w...

Vitamin A (retinol) and its active metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), play critical roles in regulating the differentiation, growth, and migration of immune cells. Similarly, as critical signaling molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle, retinoids are important in cancers. Concentrations of atRA are tightly regulated in tissues, predominantly by the availability of retinol, synth...

enzymes are so crucial in the mineralization process of organic material. information of the soil enzymes activity is used in determining of the soil microbial properties and they are also important in soil health and quality. topographic attributes, soil properties and soil enzymes are associated together. hence, it is essential to know how these parameters affect on the soil enzymes activity....

background & aim: ferulago angulata sub. carduchorum (locally name: chavir or chavil) is an important medicinal plant in iran. the powder of aerial parts of this plant contains variety of components with different therapeutical effects such as antioxidant activities (aoa). this study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation powder of aerial parts of this plant on t...