OBJECTIVE We present the prevalence and incidence rates of alcohol, nicotine, and illicit substance use, abuse, and dependence in a sample of German adolescents and young adults. Patterns of onset, cohort trends, and use of various substance classes are also analyzed. METHOD A prospective longitudinal epidemiological study with a representative sample of adolescents and young adults (n = 3,02...

OBJECTIVE Illicit drug and heavy alcohol use is more common among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals. This difference has sometimes been attributed to more tolerant substance use norms within the gay community, although evidence is sparse. The current study investigated the role of perceived drug availability and tolerant injunctive norms in mediating the linkage between minority sex...

PURPOSE An earlier randomized controlled study found that a universal, family-focused preventive intervention produced protective shield effects-reduced adolescent exposures to illicit substance opportunities-among adolescents in grade 12. This study examined a follow-up assessment of the sample during young adulthood. METHODS A randomized controlled trial evaluated the Iowa Strengthening Fam...

Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance among youth. Recent policy developments and ongoing debate related to this drug underscore the urgent need to "clear the smoke" and better understand what the scientific evidence says about the health and behavioral effects of cannabis use, particularly on youth whose brains are undergoing rapid and extensive development.

BACKGROUND Previous theory and research suggest links between substance use and externalizing behavior problems, but links between substance use and internalizing problems are less clear. The present study sought to understand concurrent links among diagnoses of substance use disorders, internalizing disorders, and behavior disorders at age 18 as well as developmental trajectories of illicit su...

OBJECTIVE To identify the association between panic disorder and licit and illicit substance use in the population provided with primary care in the southern Brazil. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with patients from three primary care centers. We used the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) to evaluate substance use and the Mini International Neuropsych...

conclusions globally, interventions that comprise evidence-based prevention, care and treatment of substance use disorders in young adults are vital to reduce the transmission of hiv infection and promote good clinical outcomes for young adults at-risk for living with hiv. context young adults comprise roughly one-quarter of the global population and are at the developmental stage where persona...

AIMS To examine whether neighborhood racial characteristics are associated with the under reporting of life time cocaine/crack use. DESIGN A household survey of high-risk communities with above-average admissions to state-supported drug and alcohol treatment programs. SETTING Chicago, Illinois, USA. PARTICIPANTS A total of 303 adults. MEASURES Self-reported use of cocaine/crack during a...

AIMS We investigate the extent of and factors associated with denial of previously reported cannabis and other illicit drug use, and assess the potential of hair testing for measuring substance use in general population samples. DESIGN Birth cohort study. SETTING United Kingdom, 1991-present. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3643 participants who provided hair and self-report measures of cannabis ...