the aim of the present study was to develop a tissue-engineering approach through alginate gel molding to mimic cartilage tissue in a three-dimensional culture system. the perfusion biomimetic bioreactor was designed to mimic natural joint. the shear stresses exerting on the bioreactor chamber were calculated by computational fluid dynamic (cfd). several alginate/bovine chondrocyte constructs w...

This paper is the second in a series of three papers devoted to sums squares and hypoellipticity infinitely degenerate operators. In first we established sharp ω-monotonicity criterion for writing smooth nonnegative function f that flat at, positive away from, origin, as finite sum C2,δ functions some δ>0, namely ω-monotone Hölder modulus continuity ω. Counterexamples were provided any larger c...

In this tutorial, we will continue the discussion, started in the tutorial 4, about the derivation of the fundamental solutions. In the former tutorial, we presented techniques for setting up the fundamental solution for simple and compound operators. Herein, we will discuss the use of operator decoupling technique to breakdown matrix operators to simple or compound scalar ones. This method is ...