The benzoylphenyl urea insect growth regulators (IGRs), diflubenzuron, alsyston, CGA 112913, UC 62644 and Thuringiensin, were tested on adult and late third instar Trioxys pallidus and first instar walnut aphids. The organophosphates, phosalone and azinphosmethyl were used as positive controls. The IGRs and Thuringiensin were not acutely toxic to adult and larval Trioxys when contact, topical a...

This study examined the lethal and sublethal effects on the beneficial insect Bombus terrestris by two classes of insect growth regulators (IGRs) that are commercially used in agriculture to control pest insects. Three juvenile hormones analogues (JHAs) (pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb and kinoprene) and two ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds (MACs) (tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide)...

Field studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to contrast the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) and conventional insecticides on natural enemy conservation in cotton within the context of alternative management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Compared with an untreated control, insecticide regimes based on the initial use of the IGR buprofezin or pyriproxyfen reduced de...

After treatment of the newly moulted last (5th) instar nymphs of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria with 1000.0 or 62.5 ppm of the insect growth regulators (IGRs): pyriproxyfen (juvenoid), tebofenozide (ecdysone agonist) and lufenuron (chitin synthesis inhibitor), protein content was determined in the haemolymph and fat body of nymphs and adults. An inhibitory action on haemolymph proteins...

A large-scale study was conducted in 1996 to evaluate and demonstrate strategies for pest management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton involving different insecticide regimes, application methods, and action thresholds. Here we examined the effects of the various management systems on the abundance and activity of native natural enemies. Population densities of 18 out of 20 taxa of arthro...

The insecticidal potential of benzoylphenylurea (BPU) insect growth regulators (IGRs) has been studied since the early 1970s (Maas et al. 1981). A number of these IGRs have been evaluated in the laboratory and under field conditions against dipterous insects of medical and economic importance, particularly mosquitoes and chironomid midges (Ali and Lord 1980, Mulla and Darwazeh 1979). Among the ...

Compounds with an imidazoline or guanidinium moiety elicit a variety of stimulatory and inhibitory cell responses in both central and peripheral tissues. Many of these effects are mediated by interaction with alpha-adrenergic receptors, but these molecules also selectively recognize other membrane-bound proteins with high affinity. We used a functionalized derivative of the imidazoline molecule...

The integrated control concept emphasizes the importance of both chemical and biological control for pest suppression in agricultural systems. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the selectivity of acetamiprid for the control of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in cotton compared with a proven selective regime based on the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin. Acet...

Five organophosphates (OPs) (chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos methyl, fenthion, malathion, and temephos), 3 pyrethroids (bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and permethrin), 1 phenyl pyrazole (fipronil), 2 microbial pesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis [B.t.i.] and Bacillus sphaericus), and 3 insect growth regulators (IGRs) (diflubenzuron, methoprene, and pyriproxyfen) were evaluated against...

The invasive polyphagous cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley has emerged as a serious sucking pest of cotton. laboratory and field bioassays seven selected insecticides belonging to five toxicant groups were evaluated against P. their most abundant natural predators, Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) Hyperaspis vinciguerrae Capra. Based on the toxicity index toxic group under conditions w...