The discussion of conjunction fallacies or, more generally, inclusion fallacies (IFs) is usually limited to dyadic relationships. Bayesian logic formalizes a rational intensional probability, predicting IFs and supplementing standard extensional probabilities (von Sydow, 2011, 2016). They treat logical patterns as explanatory patterns (explanans) given some data (the explanandum). We here addre...

Abstract Let $\{X_n\}_{n\in{\mathbb{N}}}$ be an ${\mathbb{X}}$ -valued iterated function system (IFS) of Lipschitz maps defined as $X_0 \in {\mathbb{X}}$ and for $n\geq 1$ , $X_n\;:\!=\;F(X_{n-1},\vartheta_n)$ where $\{\vartheta_n\}_{n \ge 1}$ are independent identically distributed random variables with common probability distribution $\mathfrak{p}$ $F(\cdot,\cdot)$ is continuous in the first ...

Iterated Function Systems (IFS) are interesting parametric models for generating fractal sets and functions. The general idea is to compress, deform and translate a given set or function with a collection of operators and to iterate the procedure. Under weak assumptions, IFS possess a unique fixed point which is in general fractal. IFS were introduced in a deterministic context, then were gener...

We study parabolic iterated function systems (IFS) with overlaps on the real line and measures associated with them. A Borel probability measure μ on the coding space projects into a measure ν on the limit set of the IFS. We consider families of IFS satisfying a transversality condition. In [SSU2] sufficient conditions were found for the measure ν to be absolutely continuous for Lebesgue-a.e. p...

This paper evaluates the return to formal education over the lifecycle and compare it to informal, on the job training. More specifically, we assess the apprenticeship system in Germany by comparing the long run value of education choices and subsequent labor market outcomes for apprentices and non-apprentices. We develop a structural model of career progression and educational choice, allowing...

Internal Family Systems℠ (IFS) therapy is an evidenced-based therapeutic (EBT) tool used to treat various mental health disorders and non-clinical issues. IFS a promising new approach building healthy financial behaviors when combined it with therapy. During discussion, beliefs, money scripts, stories around the client’s history are expressed then explored using protocols. provides therapist th...

In this article we exploit the concept of probability for defining the fuzzy entropy of intuitionistic fuzzy sets ~IFSs!. We then propose two families of entropy measures for IFSs and also construct the axiom definition and properties. Two definitions of entropy for IFSs proposed by Burillo and Bustince in 1996 and Szmidt and Kacprzyk in 2001 are used. The first one allows us to measure the deg...

A representation of atmospheric chemistry has been included in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The new chemistry modules complement the aerosol modules of the IFS for atmospheric composition, which is named C-IFS. C-IFS for chemistry supersedes a coupled system in which chemical transport model (CTM) Model for OZone and ...

OBJECTIVE • To evaluate a novel technique to lower positive surgical margin rates while preserving as much of the neurovascular bundles as possible during nerve-sparing robotic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS • In situ intraoperative frozen section (IFS) was performed during robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) when there was macroscopic concern for a positive margin or resid...