Considering the value of semiconductor IP (Intellectual Property), fundamental knowledge of legal protection for IP is essential requirement for both IP providers and IP users. Since IPs are recognized as one of the intangible assets, present intellectual property system, such as patent, copyright, trade secret, and mask work protection system should provide certain legal protection by their ow...

From lithium-ion batteries to human organs, the boundaries of additive manufacturing innovation are rapidly expanding. Traditionally reserved for industrial applications, additive manufacturing (also known as three-dimensional (“3D”) printing) is creeping into mainstream and consumer use. With larger scale adoption comes a significant increase in intellectual property (“IP”) disputes among thos...

Can something be both open and secret? That is the conundrum facing society as trade secret rights chafe against patent in cutting-edge, biologic medicine. The conflict unsurprising. Trade has emerged a relatively late bloomer among family of intellectual property only recently begun to establish boundaries its own space, process which it will inevitably knock other doctrines already occupying ...

The term "intellectual property" refers to a loose cluster of legal doctrines that regulate the uses of different sorts of ideas and insignia. The law of copyright protects various “original forms of expression,” including novels, movies, musical compositions, and computer software programs. Patent law protects inventions and some kinds of discoveries. Trademark law protects words and symbols t...

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a fraction of the innovation once. We...

Wolfson Unit of Clinical One hundred and fifty years ago most treatments were Pharmacology, developed either from a naive (and often erroneous) Department of view of disease processes and aetiologies or from Pharmacological Sciences,.Ph.a Ss anecdotal observations of the beneficial effects of University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle particular remedies in individual patients. Treatment upon...

Great amounts of wealth can be represented by intellectual property (“IP”), including computer software. Computer software creators, and other inventors, artists authors, may desire to enthusiastically support their favorite charitable endeavors. The tax consequences for the creative genius donating his or her IP charity will depend on whether creation is protected patent, trade secret trademar...

There is an increasing trend for Multi-National Enterprises (MNEs) to off-shore R&D activities to developing countries where Intellectual Property regimes (IP) are weak. Prior work in international trade theory suggests that there is limited technology transfer by MNE to destinations with weak IP regimes. However, there is considerable evidence that MNE offshore significant levels of R&D, over ...

Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14 th December 1960, and which came into force on 30 th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: To achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus t...