Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a risk factor for ischemic stroke, and the primary aim of management is stroke prevention. The natural history of ICAS is influenced by symptomatic versus asymptomatic status, with symptomatic ICAS having a high recurrent stroke risk. The risk of stroke in symptomatic ICAS is dependent on many factors which will be reviewed in this chapter, includ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a common cause of stroke, but little is known about its epidemiology. We studied the prevalence of ICAS and its association with vascular risk factors using high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography in a US cardiovascular cohort. METHODS The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study recruited participants from ...

BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the development of ICAS remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of HDL-C level and the risk of developing ICAS in Chinese patients with acute...

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is the most common cause of ischemic stroke in the world. ICAS is especially common in the Asian population accounting for 30-50% of all ischemic strokes. The risk of recurrent stroke in patients with symptomatic ICAS is the highest among the stroke subtypes. Two major factors associated with recurrent stroke are high degree (>70%) of stenosis and pr...

In this study, the authors sought to determine the epidemiology of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) in the United States. To this end, they selected 1765 participants from the community-based cohort of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who underwent good quality high resolution 3-tesla magnetic resonance angiography from 2011 to 2013. They graded ICAS according to...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral vascular reactivity assessment is typically performed with 2 perfusion measurements before and after a vasodilatory challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the time course of the vasodilatory effect in the brain-feeding arteries after a challenge with acetazolamide in patients with a stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). METHODS Twenty-one patie...

Inter-arm blood pressure (BP) difference has been associated with ischemic stroke. Local atherosclerosis of stroke differ among vulnerable individuals, whereas intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is more frequently affected Asians, and extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS) is more prevalent among whites. We hereby sought to explore the association of inter-arm BP difference with ICAS and ECAS...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apoAI ratio is recognized as a better indicator of cardiovascular disease than other cholesterol measures. Whether intracranial or extracranial atherosclerosis is more closely associated with an increased apoB/apoAI ratio has not been investigated. METHODS A total of 464 statin or fibrate naïve Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke was c...

Background Patients with acute stroke presenting large vessel occlusion secondary to intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS?LVO) may require rescue therapy (RT) in addition mechanical thrombectomy achieve and maintain successful recanalization. We performed a systematic review meta?analysis of comparative studies that reported outcomes RT patients ICAS?LVO evaluate its safety efficacy. Methods Data...

It is unclear at what time-window of the day blood pressure (BP) is most closely associated with cerebrovascular damage. In this cross-sectional study, we examined the strength of association between intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) and systolic BP (SBP) across different time-windows using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in 757 consecutively recruited patients with hypertension. ICAS was ...