The proliferation of nuclear weapons poses great threat to international peace and security. How to strengthen the non-proliferation regime has become a central question. In May 1997, the IAEA Board of Governors adopted the Additional Safeguards Protocol to improve its ability to detect the undeclared production of fissile material. This new strengthened safeguards system has opened the door fo...

Within the framework of the Trilateral Initiative, technical challenges have arisen due to the potential of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) monitoring fissile material with classified characteristics, as well as the IAEA using facilityor host country-supplied monitoring equipment. In monitoring material with classified characteristics, it is recognized that the host country needs ...

In high-resolution ? spectrometry 238U decay chain members can be measured by comparing reference material and unknown sample count rates induced the lines assigned to 214Pb 214Bi. Both 214Bi are daughter radionuclides of 222Rn. This noble gas nuclide escape from both natural samples, materials. If this is not properly accounted for, it could become a serious source error when determining radio...

Introduction: In the last 5 years the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 51 (AAPM TG-51) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) published a new high-energy photon and electron dosimetry protocol. These protocols are based on the use of an ion chamber having an absorbed-dose to water calibration factor. These are different from the previous NCS report-2 and IAEA...

FOREWORD The worldwide production and use of radioactive material (RAM) and radiation sources in various facets of modern life (energy production, industry, medicine, science, and technology) involves, inevitably, their transport in the public domain and therefore the hazards and the risks associated with RAM transport. In 1959 the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) charged the...

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) jointly with the Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste (EST) operates a multipurpose X-ray spectrometry endstation at the X-ray Fluorescence beamline (10.1L). The facility has been available to external users since the beginning of 2015 through the peer-review process of EST. Using this collaboration framework, the IAEA supports and promotes synchrotron-radia...

Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviruses that may be controlled on an area-wide basis using the sterile insect technique (SIT). Larval diet is a major factor in mass-rearing for SIT programs. We compared dietary effects on immature development and adult fitness-related characteristics for an International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) diet, developed for rearing Ae. albopictus, and a standa...

FOREWORD The Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Radiotracer Technology for Engineering Unit Operation Studies and Unit Process Optimization was carried out by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) from December 1997 until December 2000. The project developed and validated procedures and protocols for investigation of major industrial processes, including fluidized beds, sugar crystal...

Support for scientists and their endeavours in developing countries by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division is provided through FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (CRP) and IAEA Technical Co-operation Projects (TCPs). Using these mechanisms the Animal Production and Health Section of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division aims to encourage and improve the capacity of national institutions in developing count...

FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has, since its inception, recognized the importance of radioactive waste management. Low and intermediate level radioactive wastes are produced in almost all countries and their safe management is of great importance. Near surface disposal of the wastes is an option being practised or planned in many countries. There is a growing need in th...