Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroba patogen telah menginfeksi makhluk hidup seperti manusia, hewan, dan tanaman. Hal ini memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan manusia menurunkan kualitas produksi di bidang pertanian. Agen biokontrol dapat digunakan untuk mencegah infeksi aman ramah lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi dari bakteri Streptomyces sp. strain i18 sebagai agen dal...

This is the supplement to the paper “The Macroeconomics of Health Savings Accounts” by the same authors. We present a short history of Health Savings Accounts (HSAs), describe the solution algorithm, and illustrate details about the estimation technique for the Markov transition matrices of the health shocks. JEL: H51, I18, I38,

To assess the importance of unequal access to medical expertise and services, we estimate causal effects having a child who is doctor on parents' mortality health care use. We use data from parents almost 22,000 participants in admission lotteries school Netherlands. Our findings indicate that informal services not an important cause differences mortality. (JEL H51, I11, I12, I14, I18)

The aim of this study was optimization of the conditions for the production of alkaline protease from the Bacillus strains coded as L18, L21 and I18, which were isolated from our natural habitats. Additionally, the goal was also to optimize the production of alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. L21 in a new low-cost media formulation by employing design of experiments and response surface method...

Recent evaluations of the impact of Turkish healthcare reforms on the efficiency of public hospitals suffer from simultaneous structural changes in the healthcare sector as well as from lack of data on some of the key ingredients of the reform. In this note, we analyze the major obstacles in a fair evaluation of the efficiency of public hospitals taking Sulku(2011)’s data envelopment analysis a...

This paper reports on a re-evaluation of the German health care reform of 1997. A previous evaluation found a limited effect of a 4.4 percent reduction of the number of doctor visits in a sample of pharmacy customers. The re-evaluation based on a representative household survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel, yields a much larger effect. The paper uses this case study to discuss the methods a...

We study the optimal lock-down for a planner who controls fatalities of COVID-19 while minimizing output costs lock-down. The policy prescribes severe beginning few weeks after outbreak, covering almost 50 percent population month, with total duration shy 4 months. intensity depends on gradient fatality rate respect to infected and availability antibody testing, which yields welfare gain 2 GDP....

We use detailed data from a large retail panel to study the effect of participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on composition and nutrient content foods purchased for at-home consumption. find that SNAP is small relative cross-sectional variation most outcomes we consider. Estimates model relating household’s food purchases current level spending imply closing gap betwe...

We use an OLG model with heterogenous agents who choose how much to spend on their health under health uncertainty in order to study the effect of transitioning from a system with private health insurance for young agents and Medicare for old agents to a system with health savings accounds (HSAs) for young agents and Medicare for the old. We focus on possible cost savings, the effects on output...