The inherent hysteresis in a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) makes it difficult to control accurately the position of the PAM’s end effector. This hysteresis causes energy loss and the area of the hysteresis loop is dependent on the amplitude of the motion and on the underlying causes of the hysteresis phenomenon. This means that if the hysteresis energy loss is properly compensated, a more a...

Although its value varies with the microstructure, hysteresis always accompanies hydride formation and decomposition in Pd(pure)-H, e.g., it is present even in nano-crystalline and thin films. Internal oxidation of Pd0.93Cr0.07 alloys leads to a pure Pd matrix containing nano-crystalline chromia precipitates. The characteristic hysteresis of Pd-H almost disappears in this form of Pd. The reason...

In this paper, how structure-sensitive parameters derived from the hysteresis loop, like coercive field, remanent induction, and hysteresis losses, can be used to characterise recovery and recrystallization in cold rolled Ti-Nb stabilised interstitial free ultra low carbon steel is shown. The effect on hysteresis measurements of isothermal annealing treatments applied to industrially cold rolle...

A prosthetic foot is an important element of a prosthesis, although it is not always fully recognized that the properties of the foot, along with the prosthetic knee joint and the socket, are in part responsible for the stability and metabolic energy cost during walking. The stiffness and the hysteresis, which are the topics of this paper, are not properly prescribed, but could be adapted to im...

MNOS memory hysteresis and memory window are simulated by calculation of tunneling probability via the potential barrier to the nitride conductance or valence band, or to Si nanocrystals embedded in the dielectric layers. The effect of the oxide and nitride current levels are studied. The memory hysteresis width depends strongly on the oxide current level. If the oxide current is close to the n...