As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, brain histamine has a variety of physiological roles in brain functions such as hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) activity. Histamine induces the release of ACTH through the activation of hypothalamic neurons containing vasopressin and CRH. Histamine induces the activity of HPA axis directly or indirectly. Endogenous opioids modulate the (HPA) axis ...

As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, brain histamine has a variety of physiological roles in brain functions such as hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) activity. Histamine induces the release of ACTH through the activation of hypothalamic neurons containing vasopressin and CRH. Histamine induces the activity of HPA axis directly or indirectly. Endogenous opioids modulate the (HPA) axis ...

cardiovascular adverse effects are interesting aspects of occupational noise exposure. one possible mechanism of these effects is an alternation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. our aim was to measure salivary cortisol response to relatively high-intensity noise exposure in a controlled randomized trial study. we exposed 50 male volunteers to 90 dba noise for 20 minutes and compared thei...

Humans have lived in a dynamic environment fraught with potential dangers for thousands of years. While fear and stress were crucial the survival our ancestors, today, they are mostly considered harmful factors, threatening both physical mental health. Trauma is highly stressful, often life-threatening event or series events, such as sexual assault, war, natural disasters, burns, car accidents....

Pituitary tumors, the most common intracranial tumors, lead to serious morbidity through the inappropriate secretion of pituitary hormones. The anomalous expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which have a crucial status in the development and function of pituitary gland, promotes the tumorigenesis of hypothalamic-pituitary axis-related pituitary tumors. This mainly leads to alterations in the funct...

OBJECTIVE To review the new findings about stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depression trying to explain a possible endophenotype prone to depression. METHOD Nonsystematic review of the literature based on the endophenotype hypothesis. RESULTS Depression is linked to hypercortisolemia in many patients, but not all patients present these hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dys...

We report here that when untreated mice underwent heat stress, they displayed thermoregulatory deficit (e.g., animals display hypothermia during room temperature exposure), brain (or hypothalamic) inflammation, ischemia, oxidative damage, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis impairment (e.g., decreased plasma levels of both adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticosterone during heat stress), mul...

Normal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is critical for survival, and its development choreographed age-, sex- context-specific actions. The liver influences HPA ontogeny, integrating diverse endocrine signals that inhibit or activate development. This review examines how developmental changes in expression genes coordinate postnatal multiple systems facilitate maturati...

background: stimulants addition and abuse can cause some functional and morphological changes in the normal function of glands and hormones. methamphetamine as an addictive stimulant drug affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis and consequently makes some changes in the psychological state of the drug users. the present study aims to examine the relationship between plasma levels ...