OBJECTIVE To determine the interrater reliability of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE). DESIGN Prospective cohort; blinded comparison. SETTING Academic referral center. PARTICIPANTS Subjects with obstructive sleep apnea unable to tolerate positive airway pressure therapy. INTERVENTIONS Drug-induced sleep endoscopy was performed with intravenous propofol infusion to achieve sedation, a...

Laryngeal mask airway (LMA), which consists of a silicone tube connected to a miniature silicone mask appropriate for the shape of hypopharynx and covers the larynx as a gasket, was developed in 1980s in the United Kingdom. It is frequently used both to avoid negative effects of endotracheal intubation by establishing direct connection with the airway of patient and to easily provide a more rel...

The definition of these sites is shown in Table 13.1. The larynx projects into the hypopharynx from the front so that grooves, known as the pyriform fossae, are formed on either side. These are shallow above and are separated from the valleculae by the pharyngoepiglottic folds. Lower down, the pyriform fossae become deeper. The upper shallow part of the pyriform fossa is bounded laterally by th...

Methods: Between 2003 and 2014, 11 patients underwent laryngo-pharyngoesophagectomy at our institution. Eight patients had cancers simultaneously involving both the hypopharynx and the esophagus, two had carcinoma at the pharyngo-esophageal junction, and one had synchronously developed cancers of the hypopharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The prognosis and quality of life of these 11 patients wer...

This best practice article reviews the published evidence on the pathology and patterns of spread of carcinomas of the hypopharynx, and the relevance of pathological features to prognosis. Medline (1966–2001) was searched using a combination of head and neck neoplasms and prognosis, focusing on hypopharynx and pathology. Other relevant publications were identified from the bibliographies of the...

BACKGROUND The newly developed narrowband imaging (NBI) gastrointestinal endoscope makes possible the detection of superficial carcinoma in the oropharynx and hypopharynx, which is difficult with the conventional laryngoscope. Here, we investigated whether the combined use of laryngoscope with NBI allows the detection of superficial carcinoma in this region. METHODS A total of 51 superficial,...

At the beginning of the 21st century the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus cancer represents a major issue for all countries of the world. The epidemiology of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus cancer deals with the spread of the disease in the human population with regard to sex, age, profession, time and space, as well as risk factors that contribute to these phenomena. The main goal...