AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hypogonadism in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected males and to study its relation to age, CD4 count, body mass index (BMI), duration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and metabolic status. METHODOLOGY Eighty-one HIV positive cases and 82 healthy controls were included in this case-control stud...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A high incidence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been globally reported. This study aimed to determining the frequency of hypogonadism and related risk factors among men with T2D in a single-site hospital in Saudi Arabia. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 157 men with T2D (between 30 and 70 years of age). Using a prestructu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of clinical hypogonadism, based on both symptoms and biochemical available measures of testosterone deficiency, in men with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 355 type 2 diabetic men aged >30 years, total and bioavailable testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, BMI, and waist circumference ...

BACKGROUND Hypogonadism is common among HIV-infected men, even among men receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Our objective in this study was to determine the prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism among HIV-infected men compared with HIV-uninfected controls. We also examined the use of free testosterone (FT) and total testosterone (TT) measurements in the assessment of biochemical hypogonad...

BACKGROUND Impaired liver function in men can result in erectile dysfunction or hypogonadism or both. We investigated whether living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) results in improvement in male sexual function. METHODS A total of 58 patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Erectile function was measured before and after LDLT u...

endocrine diseases, known as a curable etiology for depression, are common among men living with hiv (mlwh); while depression impedes the adherence to treatment and the perceived quality of life. we evaluated the changes in the depressive symptoms after the medical treatment of the underlying endocrine diseases among iranian mlwh. since april 2013 to march 2014, a convenience sample of 296 mlwh...

Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by impaired gonadotropin release in the context of normal anatomical and functional anterior pituitary function. The conditions usually responsible for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism are: pituitary adenoma, neoplastic metastasis, granulomatous processes, lymphocitary hypophysitis, histiocytosis X, hemochromatosis, vascular pathologies. We p...

We report a case of 42-year-old male patient with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. He suffered from general fatigue and erectile dysfunction after the treatment with transdermal fentanyl for chronic pain by traffic injury. Endocrine examinations and hormone stimulating tests showed that he had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no abnormal findings, and h...