Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important economic crop that susceptible to various foliar diseases. Web blotch, which caused by Phoma arachidicola, one of the most serious peanut diseases because it affects leaves and results in substantial yield losses. In this study, P. arachidicola infection process response plants were revealed through a cytological study resistant varieties. Conidial germ...

In the induction of the hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco by Pseudomonas solanacearum, the recognition between host and pathogen is thought to involve an interaction between plant lectins and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS of a series of strains of P. solanacearum were examined to determine if there are structural differences that might account for the ability or inability of...

Active oxygen species (AOS) are central components of the defence reactions of plants against pathogens. Plant respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOH) of gp91(phox), a plasma membrane protein of the neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, play a prominent role in AOS production. The role of two RBOH from Nicotiana benthamiana, NbrbohA and NbrbohB that encode ...

Bacterial spot, which is caused by several Xanthomonas species, an economically important disease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Great efforts have been made for the identification of resistant sources and genetic analysis resistance. However, development commercial varieties slow due to existence multiple species pathogen a poor understanding resistance mechanism tomato. The current study r...

HpaXm produced by the cotton leaf blight bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum is a novel harpin elicitor of the induced hypersensitive response (HR) in tobacco. We investigated whether fragments of HpaXm, compared with fragments of Hpa1Xoo, are sufficient for HR or plant growth promotion (PGP) elicitation using four synthetic peptides (HpaXm35-51, HpaXm10-39, Hpa1Xoo36-52 and Hpa1Xoo1...

IP3 increase and de novo synthesis of scoparone are produced in the hypersensitive response (HR) of lemon seedlings against the fungus Alternaria alternata. To elucidate whether a G-protein and/or a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) are involved in signal transduction leading to the production of such a defensive response, we studied the HR in this plant system after treatment with G-protein activa...

Phospholipid signaling plays an important role in plant immune responses. Here, we isolated two phospholipase C4 (PLC4) orthologs the Nicotiana benthamiana genome, designated as N. PLC4-1 and PLC4-2 (NbPLC4-1 NbPLC4-2). We created NbPLC4-1- NbPLC4-2- silenced plants. Induction of hypersensitive response (HR), including HR cell death bacterial population reduction, was accelerated both NbPLC4-2-...

Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria pathogens seriously threatens peony production. The physiological mechanism of resistance to the pathogen is little reported. This study aimed reveal defensive peonies in response tenuissima. disease-resistant (R) variety ‘Zi Fengyu’ and susceptible (S) ‘Heihai Botao’ were employed, some parameters leaves analyzed after inoculation with A. tenuissima, main...

How plants recognize pathogens and activate defense is still mysterious. Direct interaction between pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins and plant disease resistance proteins is the exception rather than the rule. During infection, Cladosporium fulvum secretes Avr2 protein into the apoplast of tomato leaves and, in the presence of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat receptor-like Cf-2 protein, ...