gamma-Hydroxybutyrate possesses most of the properties of a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator that acts via specific pathways and receptors in brain. Beside its regulatory effects on dopaminergic transmission, gamma-hydroxybutyrate was thought for many years to interfere with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic processes in the brain. The present study demonstrates that in the rat frontal cortex ...

the taguchi design of experiments was used to test the relative importance of medium components and environmental factors on poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)(phb) production by ralstonia eutropha. the optimum condition was obtained as: fructose concentration, 15 g/l; c/n ratio, 7.4; agitation speed 200 rpm; culture time, 40 h; temperature, 25 ° c; seed age, 15 h. at optimum condition the yield of phb pr...

We report the draft genome sequence of Halomonas sp. strain KM-1, which was isolated in Ikeda City, Osaka, Japan, and which produces the bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The total length of the assembled genome is 4,992,811 bp, and 4,220 coding sequences were predicted within the genome. Genes encoding proteins that are involved in the production and depolymerization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrat...

High cost of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate production remained a major hindrance for its wide range applications. In the current study poly-3-hydroxybutyrate producing bacteria were isolated from environmental sources. Highest poly-3hydroxybutyrate producing isolate Bacillus cereus PS 10 was investigated for its ability to use wide range of low-cost carbon sources including agro-industrial residues, v...

1. In liver, rumen epithelium and kidney cortex of the sheep, a dehydrogenase active against dl-3-hydroxybutyrate occurred in both the cytosol and particulate fractions of the tissues. In brain, heart, skeletal and smooth muscles, the enzyme occurred only in the particulate fraction. 2. Enzyme activity in the cytoplasmic fraction of liver and rumen epithelium was similar with either d(-)-3-hydr...

IDE, TAKEHIKO,JURGEN STEINKE, AND GEORGE F. CAHILL, JR. Metabolic interactions of glucose, lactate, and /I-hydroxybutyrate in rat brain slices. Am. J. Physiol. 217(3) : 784-792. 1969.-The metabolism of glucose, lactate, and P-hydroxybutyrate was studied in rat brain slices by following the incorporation of 14C into COz, total lipids, fatty acids, and glycogen singly or in the presence of other ...

The enzymic determination of D-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate normally involves the use of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH, EC 1.1.1.30) of bacterial origin. We show that HBDH from Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (BCL, grade II) contains a 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBDH) activity: activity with 3-hydroxyisobutyrate as substrate was greater than 10% of that with 3-hydroxybutyrat...

BACKGROUND Gamma-hydroxybutyrate is currently used to promote nighttime sleep in the treatment of narcolepsy; however, it is also a drug of abuse ("Liquid Ecstasy") associated with a withdrawal syndrome with anxiety features. Of interest, the activity of locus coeruleus neurons is a reflective index of these above mentioned behavioral states. METHODS Using in vivo extracellular unitary record...

MacDonald MJ, Longacre MJ, Stoker SW, Brown LJ, Hasan NM, Kendrick MA. Acetoacetate and -hydroxybutyrate in combination with other metabolites release insulin from INS-1 cells and provide clues about pathways in insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C442–C450, 2008. First published December 26, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00368.2007.—Mitochondrial anaplerosis is important for insulin ...

This is a multipoint kinetic method for simultaneously determining acetoacetate (AcAc) plus beta-hydroxybutyrate and lactate plus pyruvate in a single cuvette of the Multistat III centrifugal analyzer. In the first step, AcAc and pyruvate are completely reduced, using 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30) and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in the presence of excess NADH at pH 7.5, ...