Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs during cardiac outflow tract (OFT) development is critical for formation of the semilunar valves. Fibulin-1 (Fbln1) is an extracellular matrix protein that is present at several sites of EMT, including the OFT (i.e., E9.5-10.5). The aim of this study was to determine the role of Fbln1 in EMT during the earliest events of OFT development. E...

The cardiac outflow tract (OFT) of birds and mammals undergoes complex remodeling in the transition to a dual circulation. We have previously suggested a role of myocardial hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1 in the apoptosis-dependent remodeling of the OFT. In the present study, we transduced recombinant adenovirus-mediated HIF-1alpha in embryonic chick OFT myocardium to test its role...

The cardiac outflow tract (OFT) is a developmentally complex structure derived from multiple lineages and is often defective in human congenital anomalies. Although emerging evidence shows that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is essential for OFT development, the downstream pathways mediating FGF signaling in cardiac progenitors remain poorly understood. Here, we report that FRS2alpha (FRS2), an...

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been previously reported playing an important role in ameliorating damage caused by acute radiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of H2 on the alterations induced by low-dose long-term radiation (LDLTR). All the mice in hydrogen-treated or radiation-only groups received 0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy, 1.0 Gy, and 2.0 Gy whole-body gamma radiation, respectively. After t...

This article assesses the benefits and possible pitfalls resulting from the concurrency of powers between the OFT and industry regulators under the Competition Act 1998. One of the main advantages is the extension of competition enforcement powers to sectoral regulators who have detailed knowledge and experience of their respective industries. Achieving a broadening of the regulators’ powers wi...

We have demonstrated the generation of a 320 Gb/s NyquistOTDM signal by rectangular filtering on an RZ-OTDM signal with the filter bandwidth (320 GHz) equal to the baud rate (320 Gbaud) and the reception of such a Nyquist-OTDM signal using polarization-insensitive time-domain optical Fourier transformation (TD-OFT) followed by passive filtering. After the time-to-frequency mapping in the TD-OFT...