Since the work of pioneers such as Jenner and Pasteur (Fenner et al. 1997) more than a century ago, animal models have provided essential information in the study of infectious diseases. Although much experimentation can now be accomplished with in vitro systems, animals continue to be necessary for this field for studying the process of inflammation, specific infectious diseases, and pharmacol...

This paper proposes a framework to support appropriate application of endpoints in animal experiments. It is recommended that unpredicted endpoints should be explicitly considered alongside scientific endpoints and justifiable endpoints as the three types of endpoint which comprise the "humane." We suggest there is a need for clear identification of each type of endpoint and an understanding of...

Proceedings of the International CO'1ference, 22-25 November 1998, Zeist, The Netherlands. Coenraad F. M. Hendrikson and David B. Morton (eds.). London: The Royal Society of Medicine Press limited, /SBN /-85315-429-6. Zu beziehen bei den Herausgebern. Nachdem wir mit unserem heutigen Wissensstand noch lange nicht in der Lage sind, aile Tierversuche zu ersetzen, ist es fur das Wohl der Tiere una...

For licensing the efficacy of vaccines for veterinary use has to be demonstrated by well-controlled laboratory experiments in which vaccinated and untreated animals of the target species are challenged. Erysipelas challenge tests cause extreme suffering of the unprotected animals with high fever, apathy, large skin lesions, and even death. This paper describes a standardised procedure for the v...

Every time I open a newspaper or click on the TV, some pundit is telling me about eBusiness or eCommerce and its importance. Most of what I read and hear is absolutely worthless. (This may indeed be true of most of what the media purvey, but I just don't know enough about most things to be able to tell. Unfortunately, my guess is that the pundits know far less than a random cabbie in a European...