objectives: during root canal preparation, apical extrusion of debris can cause inflammation, flare-ups, and delayed healing. therefore, instrumentation techniques that cause the least extrusion of debris are desirable. this study aimed to compare apical extrusion of debris by five single-file, full-sequence rotary and reciprocating systems. materials and methods: one hundred twenty human mandi...

introduction: root fracture is not an instant phenomenon but a result of gradual development of tiny craze lines in tooth structure. recent studies have shown that canal instrumentation has the potential to cause dentinal cracks. the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the formation of dentinal cracks caused by protaper rotary system to hand instrumentation. materials and methods:...

Hydraulic and pneumatic networks are highly nonlinear and difficult to analyze. This paper presents a software application designed to help students visualize and understand fluid systems' dynamic behaviors. The application uses a combined bond graph and singular perturbation approach for system equation formulation. A standard iterative and adaptive integrator provides online numerical solutio...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum screw-in forces generated during the movement of various Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) file systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty simulated canals in resin blocks were randomly divided into 4 groups for the following instruments: Mtwo size 25/0.07 (MTW, VDW GmbH), Reciproc R25 (RPR, VDW GmbH), ProTaper Universal F2 (PTU, Dentsply Maillef...

In this paper we present a system that could be used to help people with walking disabilities. A system consists of a prototype mobile robot platform equipped with a control board and a remote computer system, running with image processing algorithms, was used to develop a system for physically disabled human to move freely in an environment. We used a camera to get visual information by a huma...