The locking compression plate fixation treatment for the unstable sacral fractures is simple and effective, with less trauma and complications. Some locking compression plate parts have been made of high-strength Plate manufactured by hot stamping process since the demand for lightweight biomedical materials. Finite Element (FE) method of One-Step inverse forming based on deformation theory is ...

objective: the beneficial effects of clove on toothache have been well documented. we have also previously shown the analgesic effects of clove essential oil. the present work was done to investigate the analgesic effects of the aqueous extract of clove using hot plate test. the possible role of opioid receptors in the analgesic effects of clove was also investigated using naloxone. materials a...

morphine and tramadol which have analgesic effects can be administered acutely or chronically. this study tried to investigate the effect of these drugs at various times by using different methods of administration (intraperitoneal, oral, acute and chronic). sixty adult female rats were divided into six groups. they received saline, morphine or tramadol (20 to 125 mg/kg) daily for 15 days. a ho...

objective(s):reduction of pharmacological effectiveness or tolerance appears following repeated administration of many analgesic drugs. we investigated tolerance to anti-nociceptive effects of orexin-a, an endogenous potent analgesic peptide using the hot-plate test.materials and methods:orexin-a was microinjected icv (intracerebroventricular) with an interval of 12 hr for 7 continuous days and...

The analgesic activity of the methanol extract of Phyllanthus lawii (MEPL) was investigated in Swiss albino mice with hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing models. The results suggested that MEPL possess potent analgesic activity. The MEPL produced a significant decrease in mice writhing induced by acetic acid suggesting peripheral analgesic activity and elevated mean basal reaction time i...

objective(s) the present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. materials and methods antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. results promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhi...

this study was designed to investigate the role of gabab receptor agents on imipramine-induced antinociception in ligated and non-ligated mice using hot-plate test. the data showed that different doses of morphine (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception in ligated and non-ligated mice. however, the opioid response was decreased in ligated animals. intracerebroventricular (i...