PURPOSE To evaluate the classification of punctal stenosis based on the shape of the external punctum, clinical characteristics and histopathologic features. METHODS Patients who experienced tearing and were diagnosed with punctal stenosis were evaluated in this study. Punctal stenosis was classified according to the shape of the lower external punctum, which included membranous type, slit ty...

Each spring adult horseshoe crabs migrate from deep bay waters and the Atlantic continental shelf to intertidal sandy beaches to spawn. Horseshoe crabs are an important food source for migrating shorebirds that feed on the eggs, for migrating fish that feed on the eggs and larvae and for Atlantic loggerhead turtles that feed on horseshoe crabs while using the Chesapeake Bay as a summer nursery ...

Objective:
 To relate and appraise the morphological variationsof placenta umbilical cord in normal pregnancy.
 Materials Methods:
 The study included 100 placentas which were collected from GovernmentMaternity Hospital Hashtnagri studied Anatomy department of Khyber Medical CollegePeshawar over one month duration. variations placenta, like shape, weightand attachment noted photo...

Goal: The chorionic plate (or “fetal surface”) of the human placenta is drawn as round, with the umbilical cord inserted roughly at the center, but variability of this shape is common. The average shape of the chorionic plate has never been established. The goal of this work is to measure the average shape in a birth cohort. Materials and Methods: 1227 placentas collected from a prospective coh...

In the human, placental structure is closely related to placental function and consequent pregnancy outcome. Studies have noted abnormal placental shape in small-for-gestational-age infants which extends to increased lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. The origins and determinants of placental shape are incompletely understood and are difficult to study in vivo. In this paper, we model the...

Horseshoe kidney is the most common fusion abnormalities in the kidney and occurs in 1 per 400 people with the male:female ratio of 2:1 [1–3]. Horseshoe kidneys may be a result of teratogenic factors, which may also be responsible for the known increase in the incidence of related congenital anomalies and nephroblastoma [4]. Horseshoe kidney is a non-fatal anomaly of renal development that ofte...

Deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) is a receptor for the axon guidance cues netrin-1 and draxin. The interactions between these guidance cues and DCC play a key role in the development of the nervous system. In the present study, we reveal the crystal structure of the N-terminal four Ig-like domains of DCC. The molecule folds into a horseshoe-like configuration. We demonstrate that this horsesh...

External morphology is commonly used to identify bats as well as to investigate flight and foraging behavior, typically relying on simple length and area measures or ratios. However, geometric morphometrics is increasingly used in the biological sciences to analyse variation in shape and discriminate among species and populations. Here we compare the ability of traditional versus geometric morp...