Background and aim: Considering the widespread development of implants in dental treatment plans, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are of especial importance. In the present study we investigated the effect of head misalignment up to 15° around vertical and horizontal axes on the magnification rate of digital panoramic radiography in each part of upper and lower jaws. Materia...

Organizational structure determines the scope of decisions, tasks, responsibilities, goals, perspectives and rewards for achieving results. In recent decades, due to environmental changes and dramatic technological advances, organizational structure has changed from Mechanistic to organic. The purpose of the restructuring is to facilitate the achievement of the organization's goals. Changing st...

abstract background and aim: considering the widespread development of implants in dental treatment plans, linear measurements on panoramic radiography are of especial importance. in the present study we investigated the effect of head misalignment up to 15° around vertical and horizontal axes on the magnification rate of digital panoramic radiography in each part of upper and lower jaws. mater...

This new electronic surveying instrument measures s/ope distance and zenith angle simultaneously, then computes and displays horizontal or vertical distance in feet or metres. /fs base measures horizontal angle. f N 1e70, WITH THE INTRODUCTION of the I saooA Distance Meter. Hewlett-Packard launched into the electronic measurement of distance. Since that time HP has become a major supplier of el...