BACKGROUND Proximal lung tumors, though not discernable by means of transthoracic ultrasound (US), may cause varying degrees of pulmonary collapse and postobstructive pneumonitis which may give rise to a 'drowned lung' appearance on chest computed tomography (CT) and US. The diagnostic yield for malignancy of US-assisted transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of these areas of drowned lung ...

Indian Ocean is known as a source of moisture for southeast of Iran due to summer precipitation. In this study, in order to investigate the role of SST of Indian Ocean, and the convergence and divergence fields in the precipitation of southeast of Iran, precipitation data of five synoptic stations were used during 2000-2010, including Iranshahr, Khash, ChahBahar, Zabul, and Saravan. To investig...

introduction jet stream is strong narrow current concentrated by strong vertical and lateral wind shears (vasantha et al, 2002). according to world meteorological organization nomenclature, jet stream formed when the speed of wind greater than 60 knots or 30 m/s. the major characteristics of the troposphere and lower stratosphere in the vicinity of jet streams were pointed out by a group of met...

Leakage of underwater crude oil pipes causes severe pollution to soil and water, and results in great economic loss. To predict the diffusion area of spilled oil before it reaches the water's surface and to reduce the time required for emergency response, numerical simulations were conducted on underwater spilled oil diffusion of bare crude oil pipes using FLUENT software. The influences of wat...

Impinging jets have received considerable attention during the last decade. The reason is mainly due to their inherent characteristics of high rates of heat transfer besides having simple geometry. Thus most practical applications of jet impingement occur in industries where the heat transfer requirements have exceeded capacity of ordinary heating and cooling techniques. This work presents and ...

The turbulence refractivity structure constant (Cn) is an important parameter of the atmosphere. VHF radars have been used extensively for the measurements of Cn. Presently, most of such observations are from mid and high latitudes and only very limited observations are available for equatorial and tropical latitudes. Indian MST radar is an excellent tool for making high-resolution measurements...