PURPOSE To determine gender differences in lower-extremity joint kinematics and kinetics between age- and skill-matched recreational athletes. METHODS Inverse dynamic solutions estimated the lower-extremity flexion-extension and varus-valgus kinematics and kinetics for 15 females and 15 males performing a 60-cm drop landing. A mixed model, repeated measures analysis of variance (gender (*) jo...

An ad hoc test can be described as an exploratory case that you expect to run only once, unless it happens to uncover a defect. As such, ad hoc testing is sometimes viewed as a wasteful approach to software testing. On the other hand, many skilled software testers find the exploratory approach to be one of the best techniques for uncovering certain types of defects. In this paper we’ll put ad h...

In the paper we presented the guidelines for the application of nonparametric statistical tests and post hoc procedures devised to perform multiple comparisons of machine learning algorithms. We emphasized it is necessary to distinguish between pairwise and multiple comparison tests. We showed that the pairwise Wilcoxon test, when employed to multiple comparisons, would lead to overoptimistic c...

• Introduce post hoc tests • Review assumptions and issues of power 1. Planned contrasts (a) Contrasts are the building blocks of most statistical tests: ANOVA, regression, MANOVA, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, etc. We will spend a lot of time on contrasts throughout the year. A contrast is a set of weights (a vector) that defines a specific comparison over scores or means. They are u...

Post hoc power is the retrospective power of an observed effect based on the sample size and parameter estimates derived from a given data set. Many scientists recommend using post hoc power as a follow-up analysis, especially if a finding is nonsignificant. This article presents tables of post hoc power for common t and F tests. These tables make it explicitly clear that for a given significan...

the present study aimed to examine the effect of contextual interference on acquisition, retention and transfer of coincidence anticipation task with constant, increasing and decreasing speeds. 36 male physical education participants from shahid beheshti university were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into three groups (12 subjects each group) and performed coincidence timing tasks wi...

This research considers a multiple multivariate linear regression model with a parameter matrix some of the rows of which are constrained by synchronized order restrictions. The test on the homogeneity of the parameter matrix is considered. Under the assumption that the common variance covariance matrix is unknown, an ad-hoc test statistic is proposed by replacing the unknown covariance matrix ...