Competitive intransitivity occurs when species' competitive abilities cannot be listed in a strict hierarchy, but rather form competitive loops, as in the game 'Rock-Paper-Scissors'. Indices are useful for summarizing intransitivity in communities; however, as with most indices, a great deal of information is compressed into single number. So while recent ecological theory, experiments, and nat...

Software piracy has been a widespread problem in tertiary institutions and business environment for years. This paper reports a factor analysis to explore some of the issues perceived by tertiary students. The study also attempts to determine the relationship between attitude to software piracy and age, gender, computer ownership, study area of concentration, and history of software copying to ...

Security abstractions in programming languages benefit from the ability to base access control decisions on the temporal context of program execution. In this paper we formalize the notion of a history as a sequence of program events produced during program execution, and which allows execution contexts to be precisely characterized. We define a language λhist to model the incorporation of hist...

The aim of event history analysis is to explain why certain individuals are at a higher risk than others of experiencing the event(s) of interest. This can be accomplished by using special types of methods which, depending on the field in which they are applied, are called failure-time models, life-time models, survival models, transition-rate models, response-time models, event history models,...

It is an exciting time to be an ecologist. Over the past several decades, our discipline has matured from one focused on the assembly of case studies based on natural history, to one that has seen improved conceptual frameworks and mathematical models that help explain ecological phenomena from species coexistence to elemental cycling. The maturation of our discipline has been fostered by many ...

The microbial way of life spans at least 3.8 billion years of evolution. Microbial organisms are pervasive, ubiquitous, and essential components of all ecosystems. The geochemical composition of Earth's biosphere has been molded largely by microbial activities. Yet, despite the predominance of microbes during the course of life's history, general principles and theory of microbial evolution and...