The mechanical stability properties of hindlimb-hindlimb wiping movements of the spinalized frog were examined. One hindlimb, the wiping limb, was implanted with 12 electromyographic (EMG) electrodes and attached to a robot that both recorded its trajectory and applied brief force perturbations. Cutaneous electrical stimulation was applied to the other hindlimb, the target limb, to evoke the hi...

The role of satellite cells and DNA unit size in determining muscle size was examined by inhibiting postnatal skeletal muscle development by using hindlimb suspension. Satellite cell mitotic activity and DNA unit size were determined in the soleus muscles from hindlimb-suspended and age-matched weight-bearing rats before the initiation of hindlimb suspension, at the conclusion of a 28-day hindl...

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of alpha and beta adrenergic receptor blockers on caffeine-induced increase in canine hindlimb glucose uptake. The study was carried out on fasted male anaesthetized dogs divided into five groups [5 dogs per group]. Each dog was given a bolus injection of normal saline, caffeine [6 mg/kg] caffeine after pretreatment with prazosin [0.2 mg...

The pharmacological characteristics of hindlimb scratching induced by serotonergic compounds were studied. We conclude that hindlimb scratching induced by serotonergic compounds is mediated by a serotonin1D (5-HT1D) or 5-HT1D-like receptor outside the blood-brain barrier because hindlimb scratching could be induced by s.c. injection of 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT), 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT...

RATIONALE Appropriate ischemia models are required for successful studies of therapeutic angiogenesis. While collateral routes are known to be present within the innate vasculature, there are no reports describing the detailed vascular anatomy of the murine hindlimb. In addition, differences in the descriptions of anatomical names and locations in the literature impede understanding of the circ...

The hindlimb-unloading model was used to study the ability of muscle injured in a weightless environment to recover after reloading. Satellite cell mitotic activity and DNA unit size were determined in injured and intact soleus muscles from hindlimb-unloaded and age-matched weight-bearing rats at the conclusion of 28 days of hindlimb unloading, 2 wk after reloading, and 9 wk after reloading. Th...

We imposed opposing oscillations in treadmill speed and grade on nine rats to test for direct mechanical coupling between stride frequency and hindlimb blood flow. Resting hindlimb blood flow was 15.5 +/- 1.7 ml/min. For 90 s at 7.5 m/min, rats alternated walking at -10 degrees for 10 s and +10 degrees for 10 s. This elicited oscillations in hindlimb blood flow having an amplitude of 4.1 +/- 0....

Reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex (S-I) forelimb-stump representation of rats that sustained neonatal forelimb removal is characterized by the expression of hindlimb inputs that are revealed when cortical GABA receptors are pharmacologically blocked. Recent work has shown that the majority of these inputs are transmitted from the S-I hindlimb representation to the forelimb-stum...

We examined the coordination between right and left hindlimbs during voluntary forward swimming in adult red-eared turtles, before and after midsagittal section of the spinal cord hindlimb enlargement (segments D8-S2) or the enlargement plus the first preenlargement segment (D7-S2). Our purpose was to assess the role of crossed commissural axons in these segments for right-left hindlimb alterna...

The effect of unilateral hindlimb immobilization and subsequent free remobilization on mechanical properties of femur was examined in young adult rats. Right hindlimb of 17 weeks old male rats was immobilized for 2 weeks. Rats were sacrificed either directly after immobilization (E0) or after 4 weeks of free remobilization (E4). Mechanical properties in three-point bending as well as dry mass (...