A phylogenetic analysis of 14 genera of the family Goneplacidae MacLeay (Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthoidea) is presented based upon 45 adult morphological characters. Two most-parsimonious trees were obtained (length = 87, CI = 0.6667, RI = 0.8242, RC = 0.5495). The present analysis suggests that the Goneplacidae is divided into six subfamilies: Carinocarcinoidinae subfam. nov., Chasmocarcininae ...

A continuing impediment to the taxonomy of reticulate whipray Himantura spp. species complex is absence a type specimen for H. uarnak (Gmelin [ex Forsskål], 1789). Here, specimens were sampled from Jeddah region in Red Sea, assumed locality uarnak, and characterized genetically at cytochrome-oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) locus. One these now fish collection California Academy Sciences was designated ...

The air exposure behavior of the semi-terrestrial crab Neohelice granulata during severe hypoxia was studied. This study also verified whether this behavior mitigates possible oxidative damage, namely lipoperoxidation, caused by hypoxia and reoxygenation cycles. The lethal time for 50% of the crabs subjected to severe hypoxia (0.5 mgO2 · L(-1)) with free access to air was compared to that of cr...

It has been previously established that the Leopard Whipray, Himantura leoparda, consists of two genetically isolated, cryptic species, provisionally designated as 'Cluster 1' and 'Cluster 4' (Arlyza et al., Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 65 (2013) [1]). Here, we show that the two cryptic species differ by the spotting patterns on the dorsal surface of adults: Cluster-4 individuals tend to have larger-...

A new species of planorbid mollusc, Plesiophysa dolichomastix (Greek dolichos = long, mastix = flagellum), collected from Lagoa da Pedra, municipality of Santa Rosa, state of Goiás, Brazil (15 degrees 01'S, 47 degrees 13'W) is described. It is indistinguishable by the shell characters from the five congeneric species described so far: P. striata (Orbigny, 1841), P. granulata ("Shuttleworth" Sow...

Coastal vegetation plays an important role for climate change mitigation. Compared with terrestrial ecosystems, coastal vegetation shows higher rates of atmospheric CO2 uptake and amore efficient retention of carbon (C) in sediments. Salt marshes present the highest values as C binders, although a global estimation of these values is still pending due to regional gaps in the records predominant...

Nature provides a multitude of examples of multifunctional structural materials in which trade-offs are imposed by conflicting functional requirements. One such example is the biomineralized armor of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata, which incorporates an integrated sensory system that includes hundreds of eyes with aragonite-based lenses. We use optical experiments to demonstrate that these ...

Recruitment patterns of crabs and other benthic invertebrates with planktonic larvae are determined by a combination of preand post-settlement factors. Recruitment is considered settlement limited when there is a positive correlation between the postlarvae available in the water column and the number of recruits, and regulated when abundance of individuals is mainly affected by post-settlement ...